{ "nodes": [ { "id": "ad", "name": "Andorra", "status": "current", "family": "french", "image": "flags/ad.svg", "year": 1866, "note": "", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Andorra" ], "families": [ "french" ], "imageSource": "https://flagpedia.net/download/api" }, { "id": "ae", "name": "United Arab Emirates", "status": "current", "family": "arab", "image": "flags/ae.svg", "year": 1971, "note": "", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_United_Arab_Emirates" ], "families": [ "arab" ], "imageSource": "https://flagpedia.net/download/api" }, { "id": "af", "name": "Afghanistan", "status": "current", "family": "persian", "image": "flags/af.gif", "year": 2021, "note": "White Islamic Emirate flag used by the de facto authorities since 2021. The former republic’s tricolour remains in use by opponents and some overseas representations.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Afghanistan" ], "families": [ "persian", "red" ], "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/af.html", "imageCredit": "Zoltan Horvath / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html" }, { "id": "ag", "name": "Antigua and Barbuda", "status": "current", "family": "independent", "image": "flags/ag.svg", "year": 1981, "note": "", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda" ], "families": [ "independent" ], "imageSource": "https://flagpedia.net/download/api" }, { "id": "al", "name": "Albania", "status": "current", "family": "red", "image": "flags/al.svg", "year": 1912, "note": "", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Albania" ], "families": [ "red", "double-eagle" ], "imageSource": "https://flagpedia.net/download/api" }, { "id": "am", "name": "Armenia", "status": "current", "family": "red", "image": "flags/am.svg", "year": 1990, "note": "", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Armenia" ], "families": [ "red" ], "imageSource": "https://flagpedia.net/download/api" }, { "id": "ao", "name": "Angola", "status": "current", "family": "red", "image": "flags/ao.svg", "year": 1975, "note": "", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Angola" ], "families": [ "red", "african" ], "imageSource": "https://flagpedia.net/download/api" }, { "id": "ar", "name": "Argentina", "status": "current", "family": "latin", "image": "flags/ar.svg", "year": 1812, "note": "", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Argentina" ], "families": [ "latin" ], "imageSource": "https://flagpedia.net/download/api" }, { "id": "at", "name": "Austria", "status": "current", "family": "independent", "image": "flags/at.svg", "year": 1918, "note": "", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Austria" ], "families": [ "independent" ], "imageSource": "https://flagpedia.net/download/api" }, { "id": "au", "name": "Australia", "status": "current", "family": "british", "image": "flags/au.svg", "year": 1901, "note": "", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Australia" ], "families": [ "british", "southern-cross" ], "imageSource": "https://flagpedia.net/download/api" }, { "id": "az", "name": "Azerbaijan", "status": "current", "family": "crescent", "image": "flags/az.svg", "year": 1918, "note": "", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Azerbaijan" ], "families": [ "crescent", "turkic", "red" ], "imageSource": "https://flagpedia.net/download/api" }, { "id": "ba", "name": "Bosnia and Herzegovina", "status": "current", "family": "european", "image": "flags/ba.svg", "year": 1998, "note": "", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" ], "families": [ "european", "red" ], "imageSource": "https://flagpedia.net/download/api" }, { "id": "bb", "name": "Barbados", "status": "current", "family": "independent", "image": "flags/bb.svg", "year": 1966, "note": "", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Barbados" ], "families": [ "independent" ], "imageSource": "https://flagpedia.net/download/api" }, { "id": "bd", "name": "Bangladesh", "status": "current", "family": "independent", "image": "flags/bd.svg", "year": 1972, "note": "", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Bangladesh" ], "families": [ "independent" ], "imageSource": "https://flagpedia.net/download/api" }, { "id": "be", "name": "Belgium", "status": "current", "family": "french", "image": "flags/be.svg", "year": 1831, "note": "", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Belgium" ], "families": [ "french" ], "imageSource": "https://flagpedia.net/download/api" }, { "id": "bf", "name": "Burkina Faso", "status": "current", "family": "african", "image": "flags/bf.svg", "year": 1984, "note": "Adopted in 1984 under Thomas Sankara. Red represents revolutionary struggle, green agriculture and hope, and the yellow star the guidance of the revolution. Comparisons with Viet Cong and MPLA flags are proposed in vexillological commentary.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Burkina_Faso" ], "families": [ "african", "red" ], "imageSource": "https://flagpedia.net/download/api" }, { "id": "bg", "name": "Bulgaria", "status": "current", "family": "slavic", "image": "flags/bg.svg", "year": 1879, "note": "", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Bulgaria" ], "families": [ "slavic", "red" ], "imageSource": "https://flagpedia.net/download/api" }, { "id": "bh", "name": "Bahrain", "status": "current", "family": "gulf", "image": "flags/bh.svg", "year": 2002, "note": "", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Bahrain" ], "families": [ "gulf" ], "imageSource": "https://flagpedia.net/download/api" }, { "id": "bi", "name": "Burundi", "status": "current", "family": "independent", "image": "flags/bi.svg", "year": 1967, "note": "", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Burundi" ], "families": [ "independent" ], "imageSource": "https://flagpedia.net/download/api" }, { "id": "bj", "name": "Benin", "status": "current", "family": "african", "image": "flags/bj.svg", "year": 1990, "note": "", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Benin" ], "families": [ "african" ], "imageSource": "https://flagpedia.net/download/api", "dateLabel": "Restored 1990" }, { "id": "bn", "name": "Brunei", "status": "current", "family": "independent", "image": "flags/bn.svg", "year": 1959, "note": "", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Brunei" ], "families": [ "independent" ], "imageSource": "https://flagpedia.net/download/api" }, { "id": "bo", "name": "Bolivia", "status": "current", "family": "latin", "image": "flags/bo.svg", "year": 1851, "note": "", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Bolivia" ], "families": [ "latin" ], "imageSource": "https://flagpedia.net/download/api" }, { "id": "br", "name": "Brazil", "status": "current", "family": "southern-cross", "image": "flags/br.svg", "year": 1889, "note": "", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Brazil" ], "families": [ "southern-cross" ], "imageSource": "https://flagpedia.net/download/api" }, { "id": "bs", "name": "Bahamas", "status": "current", "family": "independent", "image": "flags/bs.svg", "year": 1973, "note": "", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Bahamas" ], "families": [ "independent" ], "imageSource": "https://flagpedia.net/download/api" }, { "id": "bt", "name": "Bhutan", "status": "current", "family": "independent", "image": "flags/bt.svg", "year": 1969, "note": "", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Bhutan" ], "families": [ "independent" ], "imageSource": "https://flagpedia.net/download/api" }, { "id": "bw", "name": "Botswana", "status": "current", "family": "independent", "image": "flags/bw.svg", "year": 1966, "note": "", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Botswana" ], "families": [ "independent" ], "imageSource": "https://flagpedia.net/download/api" }, { "id": "by", "name": "Belarus", "status": "current", "family": "red", "image": "flags/by.svg", "year": 1995, "note": "", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Belarus" ], "families": [ "red" ], "imageSource": "https://flagpedia.net/download/api" }, { "id": "bz", "name": "Belize", "status": "current", "family": "independent", "image": "flags/bz.svg", "year": 1981, "note": "", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Belize" ], "families": [ "independent" ], "imageSource": "https://flagpedia.net/download/api" }, { "id": "ca", "name": "Canada", "status": "current", "family": "independent", "image": "flags/ca.svg", "year": 1965, "note": "", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Canada" ], "families": [ "british" ], "imageSource": "https://flagpedia.net/download/api" }, { "id": "cd", "name": "DR Congo", "status": "current", "family": "african", "image": "flags/cd.svg", "year": 2006, "note": "The blue field and gold star derive from Congo’s nineteenth-century flag, predating the United Nations. The current diagonal design was adopted in 2006.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo", "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/cd_prind.html" ], "families": [ "african" ], "imageSource": "https://flagpedia.net/download/api" }, { "id": "cf", "name": "Central African Republic", "status": "current", "family": "african", "image": "flags/cf.svg", "year": 1958, "note": "", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Central_African_Republic" ], "families": [ "african", "french" ], "imageSource": "https://flagpedia.net/download/api" }, { "id": "cg", "name": "Republic of the Congo", "status": "current", "family": "african", "image": "flags/cg.svg", "year": 1991, "note": "", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo" ], "families": [ "african" ], "imageSource": "https://flagpedia.net/download/api", "dateLabel": "Restored 1991" }, { "id": "ch", "name": "Switzerland", "status": "current", "family": "independent", "image": "flags/ch.svg", "year": 1889, "note": "", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Switzerland" ], "families": [ "independent" ], "imageSource": "https://flagpedia.net/download/api" }, { "id": "ci", "name": "Côte d’Ivoire", "status": "current", "family": "french", "image": "flags/ci.svg", "year": 1959, "note": "", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Ivory_Coast" ], "families": [ "french" ], "imageSource": "https://flagpedia.net/download/api" }, { "id": "cl", "name": "Chile", "status": "current", "family": "american", "image": "flags/cl.svg", "year": 1817, "note": "", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Chile" ], "families": [ "american" ], "imageSource": "https://flagpedia.net/download/api" }, { "id": "cm", "name": "Cameroon", "status": "current", "family": "african", "image": "flags/cm.svg", "year": 1975, "note": "", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Cameroon" ], "families": [ "african", "french" ], "imageSource": "https://flagpedia.net/download/api" }, { "id": "cn", "name": "China", "status": "current", "family": "red", "image": "flags/cn.svg", "year": 1949, "note": "", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_China" ], "families": [ "red" ], "imageSource": "https://flagpedia.net/download/api" }, { "id": "co", "name": "Colombia", "status": "current", "family": "latin", "image": "flags/co.svg", "year": 1861, "note": "", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Colombia" ], "families": [ "latin" ], "imageSource": "https://flagpedia.net/download/api" }, { "id": "cr", "name": "Costa Rica", "status": "current", "family": "latin", "image": "flags/cr.svg", "year": 1848, "note": "", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Costa_Rica" ], "families": [ "latin", "french" ], "imageSource": "https://flagpedia.net/download/api" }, { "id": "cu", "name": "Cuba", "status": "current", "family": "american", "image": "flags/cu.svg", "year": 1850, "note": "Designed for the nineteenth-century independence movement and first flown in 1850; adopted nationally in 1902.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Cuba" ], "families": [ "american" ], "imageSource": "https://flagpedia.net/download/api", "dateLabel": "Design from 1850" }, { "id": "cv", "name": "Cabo Verde", "status": "current", "family": "european", "image": "flags/cv.svg", "year": 1992, "note": "Adopted in 1992. Pedro Gregório Lopes explained the blue through the sea and sky and the ten-star circle through the islands and dialogue. He explicitly rejected claims that the resemblance established an EU model.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Cabo_Verde", "https://salcaboverde.com/the-flag-of-cape-verde-and-its-meanings-interview-with-the-flag-designer-pedro-gregorio/" ], "families": [], "imageSource": "https://flagpedia.net/download/api" }, { "id": "cy", "name": "Cyprus", "status": "current", "family": "independent", "image": "flags/cy.svg", "year": 1960, "note": "", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Cyprus" ], "families": [ "independent" ], "imageSource": "https://flagpedia.net/download/api" }, { "id": "cz", "name": "Czechia", "status": "current", "family": "slavic", "image": "flags/cz.svg", "year": 1920, "note": "", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Czechia" ], "families": [ "slavic" ], "imageSource": "https://flagpedia.net/download/api" }, { "id": "de", "name": "Germany", "status": "current", "family": "french", "image": "flags/de.svg", "year": 1949, "note": "", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Germany" ], "families": [ "french" ], "imageSource": "https://flagpedia.net/download/api" }, { "id": "dj", "name": "Djibouti", "status": "current", "family": "independent", "image": "flags/dj.svg", "year": 1977, "note": "", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Djibouti" ], "families": [ "independent" ], "imageSource": "https://flagpedia.net/download/api" }, { "id": "dk", "name": "Denmark", "status": "current", "family": "nordic", "image": "flags/dk.svg", "year": null, "note": "The Dannebrog is attested in the medieval period. The account of a flag falling from the sky in 1219 is a later legend.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Denmark" ], "families": [ "nordic" ], "imageSource": "https://flagpedia.net/download/api" }, { "id": "dm", "name": "Dominica", "status": "current", "family": "independent", "image": "flags/dm.svg", "year": 1978, "note": "", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Dominica" ], "families": [ "independent" ], "imageSource": "https://flagpedia.net/download/api" }, { "id": "do", "name": "Dominican Republic", "status": "current", "family": "french", "image": "flags/do.svg", "year": 1844, "note": "", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Dominican_Republic" ], "families": [ "french" ], "imageSource": "https://flagpedia.net/download/api" }, { "id": "dz", "name": "Algeria", "status": "current", "family": "crescent", "image": "flags/dz.svg", "year": 1962, "note": "", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Algeria" ], "families": [ "crescent" ], "imageSource": "https://flagpedia.net/download/api" }, { "id": "ec", "name": "Ecuador", "status": "current", "family": "latin", "image": "flags/ec.svg", "year": 1860, "note": "", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Ecuador" ], "families": [ "latin" ], "imageSource": "https://flagpedia.net/download/api" }, { "id": "ee", "name": "Estonia", "status": "current", "family": "red", "image": "flags/ee.svg", "year": 1918, "note": "", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Estonia" ], "families": [ "red" ], "imageSource": "https://flagpedia.net/download/api" }, { "id": "eg", "name": "Egypt", "status": "current", "family": "arab", "image": "flags/eg.svg", "year": 1984, "note": "", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Egypt" ], "families": [ "arab" ], "imageSource": "https://flagpedia.net/download/api" }, { "id": "er", "name": "Eritrea", "status": "current", "family": "un", "image": "flags/er.svg", "year": 1993, "note": "", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Eritrea" ], "families": [ "un" ], "imageSource": "https://flagpedia.net/download/api" }, { "id": "es", "name": "Spain", "status": "current", "family": "iberian", "image": "flags/es.svg", "year": 1981, "note": "", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Spain" ], "families": [ "iberian" ], "imageSource": "https://flagpedia.net/download/api" }, { "id": "et", "name": "Ethiopia", "status": "current", "family": "african", "image": "flags/et.svg", "year": 1996, "note": "", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Ethiopia" ], "families": [ "african" ], "imageSource": "https://flagpedia.net/download/api" }, { "id": "fi", "name": "Finland", "status": "current", "family": "nordic", "image": "flags/fi.svg", "year": 1918, "note": "", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Finland" ], "families": [ "nordic" ], "imageSource": "https://flagpedia.net/download/api" }, { "id": "fj", "name": "Fiji", "status": "current", "family": "british", "image": "flags/fj.svg", "year": 1970, "note": "", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Fiji" ], "families": [ "british" ], "imageSource": "https://flagpedia.net/download/api" }, { "id": "fm", "name": "Micronesia", "status": "current", "family": "un", "image": "flags/fm.svg", "year": 1978, "note": "", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_the_Federated_States_of_Micronesia" ], "families": [ "un" ], "imageSource": "https://flagpedia.net/download/api" }, { "id": "fr", "name": "France", "status": "current", "family": "french", "image": "flags/fr.svg", "year": 1794, "note": "", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_France" ], "families": [ "french" ], "imageSource": "https://flagpedia.net/download/api" }, { "id": "ga", "name": "Gabon", "status": "current", "family": "independent", "image": "flags/ga.svg", "year": 1960, "note": "", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Gabon" ], "families": [ "independent" ], "imageSource": "https://flagpedia.net/download/api" }, { "id": "gb", "name": "United Kingdom", "status": "current", "family": "british", "image": "flags/gb.svg", "year": 1801, "note": "", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union_Jack" ], "families": [ "british" ], "imageSource": "https://flagpedia.net/download/api" }, { "id": "gd", "name": "Grenada", "status": "current", "family": "african", "image": "flags/gd.svg", "year": 1974, "note": "", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Grenada", "https://gulpgrenada.com/grenada-flag/", "https://www.gov.gd/national-symbols" ], "families": [ "african" ], "imageSource": "https://flagpedia.net/download/api" }, { "id": "ge", "name": "Georgia", "status": "current", "family": "red", "image": "flags/ge.svg", "year": 2004, "note": "", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Georgia_(country)" ], "families": [ "red" ], "imageSource": "https://flagpedia.net/download/api" }, { "id": "gh", "name": "Ghana", "status": "current", "family": "african", "image": "flags/gh.svg", "year": 1957, "note": "", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Ghana" ], "families": [ "african" ], "imageSource": "https://flagpedia.net/download/api" }, { "id": "gm", "name": "Gambia", "status": "current", "family": "independent", "image": "flags/gm.svg", "year": 1965, "note": "", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Gambia" ], "families": [ "independent" ], "imageSource": "https://github.com/hampusborgos/country-flags/blob/main/svg/gm.svg" }, { "id": "gn", "name": "Guinea", "status": "current", "family": "african", "image": "flags/gn.svg", "year": 1958, "note": "", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Guinea" ], "families": [ "african", "french" ], "imageSource": "https://github.com/hampusborgos/country-flags/blob/main/svg/gn.svg" }, { "id": "gq", "name": "Equatorial Guinea", "status": "current", "family": "independent", "image": "flags/gq.svg", "year": 1968, "note": "", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Equatorial_Guinea" ], "families": [ "independent" ], "imageSource": "https://github.com/hampusborgos/country-flags/blob/main/svg/gq.svg" }, { "id": "gr", "name": "Greece", "status": "current", "family": "independent", "image": "flags/gr.svg", "year": 1978, "note": "", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Greece" ], "families": [ "independent" ], "imageSource": "https://github.com/hampusborgos/country-flags/blob/main/svg/gr.svg" }, { "id": "gt", "name": "Guatemala", "status": "current", "family": "latin", "image": "flags/gt.svg", "year": 1871, "note": "", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Guatemala" ], "families": [ "latin" ], "imageSource": "https://github.com/hampusborgos/country-flags/blob/main/svg/gt.svg" }, { "id": "gw", "name": "Guinea-Bissau", "status": "current", "family": "african", "image": "flags/gw.svg", "year": 1973, "note": "", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau" ], "families": [ "african" ], "imageSource": "https://github.com/hampusborgos/country-flags/blob/main/svg/gw.svg" }, { "id": "gy", "name": "Guyana", "status": "current", "family": "african", "image": "flags/gy.svg", "year": 1966, "note": "Whitney Smith’s original proposal was revised before adoption in 1966: red and green were reversed and black and white borders added. Sources disagree over attribution of the revisions. Flag-family surveys classify its palette as Pan-African; Smith’s explanation gives national and indigenous meanings.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Guyana", "https://portlandflag.org/2016/02/27/whitney-smiths-flag-of-guyana/" ], "families": [ "african" ], "imageSource": "https://github.com/hampusborgos/country-flags/blob/main/svg/gy.svg" }, { "id": "hn", "name": "Honduras", "status": "current", "family": "latin", "image": "flags/hn.svg", "year": 1866, "note": "", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Honduras" ], "families": [ "latin" ], "imageSource": "https://github.com/hampusborgos/country-flags/blob/main/svg/hn.svg" }, { "id": "hr", "name": "Croatia", "status": "current", "family": "slavic", "image": "flags/hr.svg", "year": 1990, "note": "", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Croatia" ], "families": [ "slavic", "red" ], "imageSource": "https://github.com/hampusborgos/country-flags/blob/main/svg/hr.svg" }, { "id": "ht", "name": "Haiti", "status": "current", "family": "french", "image": "flags/ht.svg", "year": 1806, "note": "The republican blue-red tradition was restored in 1986 after the Duvalier black-red flag. The coat of arms identifies the state version.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Haiti" ], "families": [ "french" ], "imageSource": "https://github.com/hampusborgos/country-flags/blob/main/svg/ht.svg", "dateLabel": "1806; restored 1986" }, { "id": "hu", "name": "Hungary", "status": "current", "family": "french", "image": "flags/hu.svg", "year": 1848, "note": "The red-white-green tricolour dates to 1848. The plain national flag was restored in 1957 after removal of the communist emblem.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Hungary" ], "families": [ "french", "red" ], "imageSource": "https://github.com/hampusborgos/country-flags/blob/main/svg/hu.svg", "dateLabel": "Tricolour: 1848 · restored 1957" }, { "id": "id", "name": "Indonesia", "status": "current", "family": "nusantara", "image": "flags/id.svg", "year": 1945, "note": "", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Indonesia" ], "families": [ "nusantara" ], "imageSource": "https://github.com/hampusborgos/country-flags/blob/main/svg/id.svg" }, { "id": "ie", "name": "Ireland", "status": "current", "family": "french", "image": "flags/ie.svg", "year": 1848, "note": "", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Ireland" ], "families": [ "french" ], "imageSource": "https://github.com/hampusborgos/country-flags/blob/main/svg/ie.svg" }, { "id": "il", "name": "Israel", "status": "current", "family": "independent", "image": "flags/il.svg", "year": 1948, "note": "", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Israel" ], "families": [ "independent" ], "imageSource": "https://github.com/hampusborgos/country-flags/blob/main/svg/il.svg" }, { "id": "in", "name": "India", "status": "current", "family": "independent", "image": "flags/in.svg", "year": 1947, "note": "", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_India" ], "families": [ "independent" ], "imageSource": "https://github.com/hampusborgos/country-flags/blob/main/svg/in.svg" }, { "id": "iq", "name": "Iraq", "status": "current", "family": "arab", "image": "flags/iq.svg", "year": 2008, "note": "", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Iraq" ], "families": [ "arab" ], "imageSource": "https://github.com/hampusborgos/country-flags/blob/main/svg/iq.svg" }, { "id": "ir", "name": "Iran", "status": "current", "family": "persian", "image": "flags/ir.svg", "year": 1980, "note": "", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Iran" ], "families": [ "persian" ], "imageSource": "https://github.com/hampusborgos/country-flags/blob/main/svg/ir.svg" }, { "id": "is", "name": "Iceland", "status": "current", "family": "nordic", "image": "flags/is.svg", "year": 1915, "note": "", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Iceland" ], "families": [ "nordic" ], "imageSource": "https://github.com/hampusborgos/country-flags/blob/main/svg/is.svg" }, { "id": "it", "name": "Italy", "status": "current", "family": "french", "image": "flags/it.svg", "year": 1797, "note": "", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Italy" ], "families": [ "french" ], "imageSource": "https://github.com/hampusborgos/country-flags/blob/main/svg/it.svg" }, { "id": "jm", "name": "Jamaica", "status": "current", "family": "african", "image": "flags/jm.svg", "year": 1962, "note": "", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Jamaica" ], "families": [ "african" ], "imageSource": "https://github.com/hampusborgos/country-flags/blob/main/svg/jm.svg" }, { "id": "jo", "name": "Jordan", "status": "current", "family": "arab", "image": "flags/jo.svg", "year": 1928, "note": "", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Jordan" ], "families": [ "arab" ], "imageSource": "https://github.com/hampusborgos/country-flags/blob/main/svg/jo.svg" }, { "id": "jp", "name": "Japan", "status": "current", "family": "independent", "image": "flags/jp.svg", "year": 1870, "note": "", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Japan" ], "families": [ "independent" ], "imageSource": "https://github.com/hampusborgos/country-flags/blob/main/svg/jp.svg" }, { "id": "ke", "name": "Kenya", "status": "current", "family": "african", "image": "flags/ke.svg", "year": 1963, "note": "The independence flag retained KANU’s black-red-green stripes, adding narrow white separators and a Maasai shield with crossed spears. KANU continued the earlier KAU party colours, within the wider Garvey colour tradition.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Kenya" ], "families": [ "african" ], "imageSource": "https://github.com/hampusborgos/country-flags/blob/main/svg/ke.svg" }, { "id": "kg", "name": "Kyrgyzstan", "status": "current", "family": "turkic", "image": "flags/kg.svg", "year": 1992, "note": "", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan" ], "families": [ "turkic" ], "imageSource": "https://github.com/hampusborgos/country-flags/blob/main/svg/kg.svg" }, { "id": "kh", "name": "Cambodia", "status": "current", "family": "red", "image": "flags/kh.svg", "year": 1948, "note": "", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Cambodia" ], "families": [ "red" ], "imageSource": "https://github.com/hampusborgos/country-flags/blob/main/svg/kh.svg" }, { "id": "ki", "name": "Kiribati", "status": "current", "family": "independent", "image": "flags/ki.svg", "year": 1979, "note": "", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Kiribati" ], "families": [ "independent" ], "imageSource": "https://github.com/hampusborgos/country-flags/blob/main/svg/ki.svg" }, { "id": "km", "name": "Comoros", "status": "current", "family": "crescent", "image": "flags/km.svg", "year": 2001, "note": "", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Comoros" ], "families": [ "crescent" ], "imageSource": "https://github.com/hampusborgos/country-flags/blob/main/svg/km.svg" }, { "id": "kn", "name": "Saint Kitts and Nevis", "status": "current", "family": "independent", "image": "flags/kn.svg", "year": 1983, "note": "", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis" ], "families": [ "independent" ], "imageSource": "https://github.com/hampusborgos/country-flags/blob/main/svg/kn.svg" }, { "id": "kp", "name": "North Korea", "status": "current", "family": "red", "image": "flags/kp.svg", "year": 1948, "note": "", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_North_Korea" ], "families": [ "red" ], "imageSource": "https://github.com/hampusborgos/country-flags/blob/main/svg/kp.svg" }, { "id": "kr", "name": "South Korea", "status": "current", "family": "independent", "image": "flags/kr.svg", "year": 1948, "note": "", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_South_Korea" ], "families": [ "independent" ], "imageSource": "https://github.com/hampusborgos/country-flags/blob/main/svg/kr.svg" }, { "id": "kw", "name": "Kuwait", "status": "current", "family": "arab", "image": "flags/kw.svg", "year": 1961, "note": "", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Kuwait" ], "families": [ "arab" ], "imageSource": "https://github.com/hampusborgos/country-flags/blob/main/svg/kw.svg" }, { "id": "kz", "name": "Kazakhstan", "status": "current", "family": "turkic", "image": "flags/kz.svg", "year": 1992, "note": "", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Kazakhstan" ], "families": [ "turkic" ], "imageSource": "https://github.com/hampusborgos/country-flags/blob/main/svg/kz.svg" }, { "id": "la", "name": "Laos", "status": "current", "family": "red", "image": "flags/la.svg", "year": 1975, "note": "", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Laos" ], "families": [ "red" ], "imageSource": "https://flagpedia.net/download/api" }, { "id": "lb", "name": "Lebanon", "status": "current", "family": "independent", "image": "flags/lb.svg", "year": 1943, "note": "", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Lebanon" ], "families": [ "independent" ], "imageSource": "https://flagpedia.net/download/api" }, { "id": "lc", "name": "Saint Lucia", "status": "current", "family": "independent", "image": "flags/lc.svg", "year": 1979, "note": "", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Saint_Lucia" ], "families": [ "independent" ], "imageSource": "https://flagpedia.net/download/api" }, { "id": "li", "name": "Liechtenstein", "status": "current", "family": "independent", "image": "flags/li.svg", "year": 1937, "note": "", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Liechtenstein" ], "families": [ "independent" ], "imageSource": "https://flagpedia.net/download/api" }, { "id": "lk", "name": "Sri Lanka", "status": "current", "family": "independent", "image": "flags/lk.svg", "year": 1972, "note": "", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka" ], "families": [ "independent" ], "imageSource": "https://flagpedia.net/download/api" }, { "id": "lr", "name": "Liberia", "status": "current", "family": "american", "image": "flags/lr.svg", "year": 1847, "note": "", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Liberia" ], "families": [ "american" ], "imageSource": "https://flagpedia.net/download/api" }, { "id": "ls", "name": "Lesotho", "status": "current", "family": "independent", "image": "flags/ls.svg", "year": 2006, "note": "", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Lesotho" ], "families": [ "independent" ], "imageSource": "https://flagpedia.net/download/api" }, { "id": "lt", "name": "Lithuania", "status": "current", "family": "red", "image": "flags/lt.svg", "year": 1918, "note": "", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Lithuania" ], "families": [ "red" ], "imageSource": "https://flagpedia.net/download/api" }, { "id": "lu", "name": "Luxembourg", "status": "current", "family": "slavic", "image": "flags/lu.svg", "year": 1848, "note": "", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Luxembourg" ], "families": [ "slavic" ], "imageSource": "https://flagpedia.net/download/api" }, { "id": "lv", "name": "Latvia", "status": "current", "family": "red", "image": "flags/lv.svg", "year": 1918, "note": "", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Latvia" ], "families": [ "red" ], "imageSource": "https://flagpedia.net/download/api" }, { "id": "ly", "name": "Libya", "status": "current", "family": "arab", "image": "flags/ly.svg", "year": 2011, "note": "The 1951 independence flag was restored during the 2011 revolution. Its central black band preserves the Senussi/Cyrenaican emblem. The palette follows Libyan regional and dynastic symbolism.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Libya" ], "families": [ "arab" ], "imageSource": "https://flagpedia.net/download/api", "dateLabel": "Restored 2011" }, { "id": "ma", "name": "Morocco", "status": "current", "family": "independent", "image": "flags/ma.svg", "year": 1915, "note": "", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Morocco" ], "families": [ "independent" ], "imageSource": "https://flagpedia.net/download/api" }, { "id": "mc", "name": "Monaco", "status": "current", "family": "independent", "image": "flags/mc.svg", "year": 1881, "note": "", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Monaco" ], "families": [ "independent" ], "imageSource": "https://flagpedia.net/download/api" }, { "id": "md", "name": "Moldova", "status": "current", "family": "french", "image": "flags/md.svg", "year": 1990, "note": "", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Moldova" ], "families": [ "french", "red" ], "imageSource": "https://flagpedia.net/download/api" }, { "id": "me", "name": "Montenegro", "status": "current", "family": "red", "image": "flags/me.svg", "year": 2004, "note": "", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Montenegro" ], "families": [ "red", "double-eagle" ], "imageSource": "https://flagpedia.net/download/api" }, { "id": "mg", "name": "Madagascar", "status": "current", "family": "independent", "image": "flags/mg.svg", "year": 1958, "note": "", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Madagascar" ], "families": [ "independent" ], "imageSource": "https://flagpedia.net/download/api" }, { "id": "mh", "name": "Marshall Islands", "status": "current", "family": "independent", "image": "flags/mh.svg", "year": 1979, "note": "", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Marshall_Islands" ], "families": [ "independent" ], "imageSource": "https://flagpedia.net/download/api" }, { "id": "mk", "name": "North Macedonia", "status": "current", "family": "red", "image": "flags/mk.svg", "year": 1995, "note": "", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_North_Macedonia" ], "families": [ "red" ], "imageSource": "https://flagpedia.net/download/api" }, { "id": "ml", "name": "Mali", "status": "current", "family": "african", "image": "flags/ml.svg", "year": 1961, "note": "", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Mali" ], "families": [ "african" ], "imageSource": "https://flagpedia.net/download/api" }, { "id": "mm", "name": "Myanmar", "status": "current", "family": "red", "image": "flags/mm.svg", "year": 2010, "note": "", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Myanmar" ], "families": [ "red" ], "imageSource": "https://flagpedia.net/download/api" }, { "id": "mn", "name": "Mongolia", "status": "current", "family": "red", "image": "flags/mn.svg", "year": 1992, "note": "", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Mongolia" ], "families": [ "red" ], "imageSource": "https://flagpedia.net/download/api" }, { "id": "mr", "name": "Mauritania", "status": "current", "family": "african", "image": "flags/mr.svg", "year": 2017, "note": "", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Mauritania" ], "families": [ "african" ], "imageSource": "https://flagpedia.net/download/api" }, { "id": "mt", "name": "Malta", "status": "current", "family": "independent", "image": "flags/mt.svg", "year": 1964, "note": "", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Malta" ], "families": [ "independent" ], "imageSource": "https://flagpedia.net/download/api" }, { "id": "mu", "name": "Mauritius", "status": "current", "family": "independent", "image": "flags/mu.svg", "year": 1968, "note": "", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Mauritius" ], "families": [ "independent" ], "imageSource": "https://flagpedia.net/download/api" }, { "id": "mv", "name": "Maldives", "status": "current", "family": "crescent", "image": "flags/mv.svg", "year": 1965, "note": "", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Maldives" ], "families": [ "crescent" ], "imageSource": "https://flagpedia.net/download/api" }, { "id": "mw", "name": "Malawi", "status": "current", "family": "african", "image": "flags/mw.svg", "year": 2012, "note": "The 1964 rising-sun design was restored in May 2012 after the two-year full-sun redesign.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Malawi" ], "families": [ "african" ], "imageSource": "https://flagpedia.net/download/api", "dateLabel": "Restored 2012" }, { "id": "mx", "name": "Mexico", "status": "current", "family": "french", "image": "flags/mx.svg", "year": 1968, "note": "", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Mexico" ], "families": [ "french" ], "imageSource": "https://flagpedia.net/download/api" }, { "id": "my", "name": "Malaysia", "status": "current", "family": "nusantara", "image": "flags/my.svg", "year": 1950, "note": "Developed from the Federation of Malaya flag of 1950. Fourteen stripes and star points represent the federation. Proposed Majapahit ancestry remains uncertain.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Malaysia" ], "families": [ "nusantara", "american", "crescent" ], "imageSource": "https://flagpedia.net/download/api" }, { "id": "mz", "name": "Mozambique", "status": "current", "family": "african", "image": "flags/mz.svg", "year": 1983, "note": "", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Mozambique" ], "families": [ "african", "red" ], "imageSource": "https://flagpedia.net/download/api" }, { "id": "na", "name": "Namibia", "status": "current", "family": "african", "image": "flags/na.svg", "year": 1990, "note": "", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Namibia" ], "families": [ "african" ], "imageSource": "https://flagpedia.net/download/api" }, { "id": "ne", "name": "Niger", "status": "current", "family": "independent", "image": "flags/ne.svg", "year": 1959, "note": "", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Niger" ], "families": [ "independent" ], "imageSource": "https://flagpedia.net/download/api" }, { "id": "ng", "name": "Nigeria", "status": "current", "family": "independent", "image": "flags/ng.svg", "year": 1960, "note": "", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Nigeria" ], "families": [ "independent" ], "imageSource": "https://flagpedia.net/download/api" }, { "id": "ni", "name": "Nicaragua", "status": "current", "family": "latin", "image": "flags/ni.svg", "year": 1908, "note": "", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Nicaragua" ], "families": [ "latin" ], "imageSource": "https://flagpedia.net/download/api" }, { "id": "nl", "name": "Netherlands", "status": "current", "family": "slavic", "image": "flags/nl.svg", "year": 1630, "note": "", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Netherlands" ], "families": [ "slavic" ], "imageSource": "https://flagpedia.net/download/api" }, { "id": "no", "name": "Norway", "status": "current", "family": "nordic", "image": "flags/no.svg", "year": 1821, "note": "", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Norway" ], "families": [ "nordic" ], "imageSource": "https://flagpedia.net/download/api" }, { "id": "np", "name": "Nepal", "status": "current", "family": "independent", "image": "flags/np.svg", "year": 1962, "note": "", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Nepal" ], "families": [ "independent" ], "imageSource": "https://flagpedia.net/download/api" }, { "id": "nr", "name": "Nauru", "status": "current", "family": "independent", "image": "flags/nr.svg", "year": 1968, "note": "", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Nauru" ], "families": [ "independent" ], "imageSource": "https://flagpedia.net/download/api" }, { "id": "nz", "name": "New Zealand", "status": "current", "family": "british", "image": "flags/nz.svg", "year": 1902, "note": "", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_New_Zealand" ], "families": [ "british", "southern-cross" ], "imageSource": "https://flagpedia.net/download/api" }, { "id": "om", "name": "Oman", "status": "current", "family": "independent", "image": "flags/om.svg", "year": 1970, "note": "", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Oman" ], "families": [ "independent" ], "imageSource": "https://flagpedia.net/download/api" }, { "id": "pa", "name": "Panama", "status": "current", "family": "american", "image": "flags/pa.svg", "year": 1903, "note": "", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Panama" ], "families": [ "american" ], "imageSource": "https://flagpedia.net/download/api" }, { "id": "pe", "name": "Peru", "status": "current", "family": "independent", "image": "flags/pe.svg", "year": 1825, "note": "", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Peru" ], "families": [ "independent" ], "imageSource": "https://flagpedia.net/download/api" }, { "id": "pg", "name": "Papua New Guinea", "status": "current", "family": "southern-cross", "image": "flags/pg.svg", "year": 1971, "note": "", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Papua_New_Guinea" ], "families": [ "southern-cross" ], "imageSource": "https://flagpedia.net/download/api" }, { "id": "ph", "name": "Philippines", "status": "current", "family": "american", "image": "flags/ph.svg", "year": 1898, "note": "", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Philippines" ], "families": [ "american" ], "imageSource": "https://flagpedia.net/download/api" }, { "id": "pk", "name": "Pakistan", "status": "current", "family": "crescent", "image": "flags/pk.svg", "year": 1947, "note": "", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Pakistan" ], "families": [ "crescent" ], "imageSource": "https://flagpedia.net/download/api" }, { "id": "pl", "name": "Poland", "status": "current", "family": "red", "image": "flags/pl.svg", "year": 1919, "note": " The ordinary white-red national flag continued through the Polish People’s Republic and after 1989; state-emblem variants differed.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Poland" ], "families": [ "red" ], "imageSource": "https://flagpedia.net/download/api" }, { "id": "ps", "name": "Palestine", "status": "current", "family": "arab", "image": "flags/ps.svg", "year": 1964, "note": "", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Palestine" ], "families": [ "arab" ], "imageSource": "https://flagpedia.net/download/api" }, { "id": "pt", "name": "Portugal", "status": "current", "family": "iberian", "image": "flags/pt.svg", "year": 1910, "note": " Red and green were the colours of Portuguese republican movements before the 1910 revolution.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Portugal" ], "families": [ "iberian", "red" ], "imageSource": "https://flagpedia.net/download/api" }, { "id": "pw", "name": "Palau", "status": "current", "family": "independent", "image": "flags/pw.svg", "year": 1981, "note": "", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Palau" ], "families": [ "independent" ], "imageSource": "https://flagpedia.net/download/api" }, { "id": "py", "name": "Paraguay", "status": "current", "family": "french", "image": "flags/py.svg", "year": 1842, "note": "", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Paraguay" ], "families": [ "french", "latin" ], "imageSource": "https://flagpedia.net/download/api" }, { "id": "qa", "name": "Qatar", "status": "current", "family": "gulf", "image": "flags/qa.svg", "year": 1971, "note": "", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Qatar" ], "families": [ "gulf" ], "imageSource": "https://flagpedia.net/download/api" }, { "id": "ro", "name": "Romania", "status": "current", "family": "french", "image": "flags/ro.svg", "year": 1866, "note": "The vertical blue-yellow-red arrangement dates to 1866. The current plain flag was restored in December 1989 after removal of the communist emblem.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Romania" ], "families": [ "french", "red" ], "imageSource": "https://flagpedia.net/download/api", "dateLabel": "Vertical form: 1866 · restored 1989" }, { "id": "rs", "name": "Serbia", "status": "current", "family": "slavic", "image": "flags/rs.svg", "year": 2004, "note": "", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Serbia" ], "families": [ "slavic", "red", "double-eagle" ], "imageSource": "https://flagpedia.net/download/api" }, { "id": "ru", "name": "Russian tricolour", "status": "historical", "family": "slavic", "image": "flags/ru.svg", "year": 1696, "note": "", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Russia" ], "families": [ "slavic" ], "imageSource": "https://flagpedia.net/download/api", "end": 1917, "dateLabel": "From 1690s · before 1917" }, { "id": "rw", "name": "Rwanda", "status": "current", "family": "african", "image": "flags/rw.svg", "year": 2001, "note": "", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Rwanda" ], "families": [ "african" ], "imageSource": "https://flagpedia.net/download/api" }, { "id": "sa", "name": "Saudi Arabia", "status": "current", "family": "independent", "image": "flags/sa.svg", "year": 1973, "note": "", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia" ], "families": [ "independent" ], "imageSource": "https://flagpedia.net/download/api" }, { "id": "sb", "name": "Solomon Islands", "status": "current", "family": "independent", "image": "flags/sb.svg", "year": 1977, "note": "", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Solomon_Islands" ], "families": [ "independent" ], "imageSource": "https://flagpedia.net/download/api" }, { "id": "sc", "name": "Seychelles", "status": "current", "family": "independent", "image": "flags/sc.svg", "year": 1996, "note": "", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Seychelles" ], "families": [ "independent" ], "imageSource": "https://flagpedia.net/download/api" }, { "id": "sd", "name": "Sudan", "status": "current", "family": "arab", "image": "flags/sd.svg", "year": 1970, "note": "", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Sudan" ], "families": [ "arab" ], "imageSource": "https://flagpedia.net/download/api" }, { "id": "se", "name": "Sweden", "status": "current", "family": "nordic", "image": "flags/se.svg", "year": 1562, "note": "", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Sweden" ], "families": [ "nordic" ], "imageSource": "https://flagpedia.net/download/api" }, { "id": "sg", "name": "Singapore", "status": "current", "family": "nusantara", "image": "flags/sg.svg", "year": 1959, "note": "Designed in 1959 under Toh Chin Chye. The committee considered Indonesia’s red-over-white flag while choosing a distinct Singaporean design. The crescent and five stars carry Singapore’s national ideals.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Singapore" ], "families": [ "nusantara" ], "imageSource": "https://flagpedia.net/download/api" }, { "id": "si", "name": "Slovenia", "status": "current", "family": "slavic", "image": "flags/si.svg", "year": 1991, "note": "", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Slovenia" ], "families": [ "slavic", "red" ], "imageSource": "https://flagpedia.net/download/api" }, { "id": "sk", "name": "Slovakia", "status": "current", "family": "slavic", "image": "flags/sk.svg", "year": 1992, "note": "", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Slovakia" ], "families": [ "slavic" ], "imageSource": "https://flagpedia.net/download/api" }, { "id": "sl", "name": "Sierra Leone", "status": "current", "family": "independent", "image": "flags/sl.svg", "year": 1961, "note": "", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Sierra_Leone" ], "families": [ "independent" ], "imageSource": "https://flagpedia.net/download/api" }, { "id": "sm", "name": "San Marino", "status": "current", "family": "independent", "image": "flags/sm.svg", "year": 1862, "note": "", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_San_Marino" ], "families": [ "independent" ], "imageSource": "https://flagpedia.net/download/api" }, { "id": "sn", "name": "Senegal", "status": "current", "family": "african", "image": "flags/sn.svg", "year": 1960, "note": "", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Senegal" ], "families": [ "african", "french" ], "imageSource": "https://flagpedia.net/download/api" }, { "id": "so", "name": "Somalia", "status": "current", "family": "un", "image": "flags/so.svg", "year": 1960, "note": "", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Somalia" ], "families": [ "un" ], "imageSource": "https://flagpedia.net/download/api" }, { "id": "sr", "name": "Suriname", "status": "current", "family": "independent", "image": "flags/sr.svg", "year": 1975, "note": "", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Suriname" ], "families": [ "independent" ], "imageSource": "https://flagpedia.net/download/api" }, { "id": "ss", "name": "South Sudan", "status": "current", "family": "african", "image": "flags/ss.svg", "year": 2011, "note": "The national flag continues the SPLM design. Blue signifies the Nile, while the yellow star has been explained as unity or a guiding light. A specific Kenyan model remains uncertain.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_South_Sudan" ], "families": [ "african" ], "imageSource": "https://flagpedia.net/download/api" }, { "id": "st", "name": "São Tomé and Príncipe", "status": "current", "family": "african", "image": "flags/st.svg", "year": 1975, "note": "", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_São_Tomé_and_Príncipe" ], "families": [ "african" ], "imageSource": "https://flagpedia.net/download/api" }, { "id": "sv", "name": "El Salvador", "status": "current", "family": "latin", "image": "flags/sv.svg", "year": 1912, "note": "", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_El_Salvador" ], "families": [ "latin" ], "imageSource": "https://flagpedia.net/download/api" }, { "id": "sy", "name": "Syria", "status": "current", "family": "arab", "image": "flags/sy.svg", "year": 2025, "note": "Green-white-black with three red stars, based on Syria’s earlier independence flag. Used by the new authorities from December 2024 and constitutionally adopted in March 2025; minor proportional differences are collapsed.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Syria" ], "families": [ "arab" ], "imageSource": "https://flagpedia.net/download/api" }, { "id": "sz", "name": "Eswatini", "status": "current", "family": "african", "image": "flags/sz.svg", "year": 1968, "note": "The Swazi shield, spears and fighting staff express protection and national heritage. Kenya uses a distinct Maasai shield and spears within the same broad emblem tradition.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Eswatini" ], "families": [ "african" ], "imageSource": "https://flagpedia.net/download/api" }, { "id": "td", "name": "Chad", "status": "current", "family": "french", "image": "flags/td.svg", "year": 1959, "note": "", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Chad" ], "families": [ "french", "african" ], "imageSource": "https://flagpedia.net/download/api" }, { "id": "tg", "name": "Togo", "status": "current", "family": "african", "image": "flags/tg.svg", "year": 1960, "note": "", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Togo" ], "families": [ "african", "american" ], "imageSource": "https://flagpedia.net/download/api" }, { "id": "th", "name": "Thailand", "status": "current", "family": "independent", "image": "flags/th.svg", "year": 1917, "note": "", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Thailand" ], "families": [ "independent" ], "imageSource": "https://flagpedia.net/download/api" }, { "id": "tj", "name": "Tajikistan", "status": "current", "family": "persian", "image": "flags/tj.svg", "year": 1992, "note": "", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Tajikistan" ], "families": [ "persian" ], "imageSource": "https://flagpedia.net/download/api" }, { "id": "tl", "name": "Timor-Leste", "status": "current", "family": "red", "image": "flags/tl.svg", "year": 2002, "note": "", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Timor-Leste" ], "families": [ "red" ], "imageSource": "https://flagpedia.net/download/api" }, { "id": "tm", "name": "Turkmenistan", "status": "current", "family": "turkic", "image": "flags/tm.svg", "year": 1992, "note": "", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Turkmenistan" ], "families": [ "crescent", "turkic" ], "imageSource": "https://flagpedia.net/download/api" }, { "id": "tn", "name": "Tunisia", "status": "current", "family": "crescent", "image": "flags/tn.svg", "year": 1831, "note": "", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Tunisia" ], "families": [ "crescent" ], "imageSource": "https://flagpedia.net/download/api" }, { "id": "to", "name": "Tonga", "status": "current", "family": "independent", "image": "flags/to.svg", "year": 1875, "note": "", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Tonga" ], "families": [ "independent" ], "imageSource": "https://flagpedia.net/download/api" }, { "id": "tr", "name": "Türkiye", "status": "current", "family": "crescent", "image": "flags/tr.svg", "year": 1844, "note": "", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Turkey" ], "families": [ "crescent", "turkic" ], "imageSource": "https://flagpedia.net/download/api" }, { "id": "tt", "name": "Trinidad and Tobago", "status": "current", "family": "independent", "image": "flags/tt.svg", "year": 1962, "note": "", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago" ], "families": [ "independent" ], 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"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Uganda" ], "families": [ "african" ], "imageSource": "https://flagpedia.net/download/api" }, { "id": "us", "name": "United States", "status": "current", "family": "american", "image": "flags/us.svg", "year": 1777, "note": "", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_the_United_States" ], "families": [ "american", "nusantara" ], "imageSource": "https://flagpedia.net/download/api" }, { "id": "uy", "name": "Uruguay", "status": "current", "family": "latin", "image": "flags/uy.svg", "year": 1828, "note": "", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Uruguay" ], "families": [ "latin", "american" ], "imageSource": "https://flagpedia.net/download/api" }, { "id": "uz", "name": "Uzbekistan", "status": "current", "family": "turkic", "image": "flags/uz.svg", "year": 1991, "note": "", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Uzbekistan" ], "families": [ "crescent", "turkic" ], "imageSource": "https://flagpedia.net/download/api" 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Later changes to the stars are consolidated.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Venezuela" ], "families": [ "latin" ], "imageSource": "https://flagpedia.net/download/api", "dateLabel": "1830; colours 1806" }, { "id": "vn", "name": "Vietnam", "status": "current", "family": "red", "image": "flags/vn.svg", "year": 1945, "note": "", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Vietnam" ], "families": [ "red" ], "imageSource": "https://flagpedia.net/download/api" }, { "id": "vu", "name": "Vanuatu", "status": "current", "family": "independent", "image": "flags/vu.svg", "year": 1980, "note": "", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Vanuatu" ], "families": [ "independent" ], "imageSource": "https://flagpedia.net/download/api" }, { "id": "ws", "name": "Samoa", "status": "current", "family": "southern-cross", "image": "flags/ws.svg", "year": 1949, "note": "", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Samoa" ], "families": [ "southern-cross" ], "imageSource": "https://flagpedia.net/download/api" }, { "id": "ye", "name": "Yemen", "status": "current", "family": "arab", "image": "flags/ye.svg", "year": 1990, "note": "", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Yemen" ], "families": [ "arab", "red" ], "imageSource": "https://flagpedia.net/download/api" }, { "id": "za", "name": "South Africa", "status": "current", "family": "african", "image": "flags/za.svg", "year": 1994, "note": "", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_South_Africa" ], "families": [ "african", "british", "slavic" ], "imageSource": "https://flagpedia.net/download/api" }, { "id": "zm", "name": "Zambia", "status": "current", "family": "african", "image": "flags/zm.svg", "year": 1964, "note": "", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Zambia" ], "families": [ "african" ], "imageSource": "https://flagpedia.net/download/api" }, { "id": "zw", "name": "Zimbabwe", "status": "current", "family": "african", "image": "flags/zw.svg", "year": 1980, "note": "", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Zimbabwe" ], "families": [ "african" ], "imageSource": "https://flagpedia.net/download/api" }, { "id": "tw", "name": "Taiwan", "status": "related", "family": "red", "image": "flags/tw.svg", "year": 1928, "note": "Taiwan: self-governing; sovereignty disputed.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China" ], "families": [ "red" ] }, { "id": "xk", "name": "Kosovo", "status": "related", "family": "european", "image": "flags/xk.svg", "year": 2008, "note": "Kosovo: partially recognised state.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Kosovo" ], "families": [ "european" ] }, { "id": "eh", "name": "Western Sahara", "status": "related", "family": "arab", "image": "flags/eh.svg", "year": 1976, "note": "Flag of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic; sovereignty over Western Sahara is disputed.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Western_Sahara" ], "families": [ "arab" ] }, { "id": "ck", "name": "Cook Islands", "status": "related", "family": "british", "image": "flags/ck.svg", "year": 1979, "note": "Cook Islands: self-governing in free association with New Zealand.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Cook_Islands" ], "families": [ "british" ] }, { "id": "nu", "name": "Niue", "status": "related", "family": "british", "image": "flags/nu.svg", "year": 1975, "note": "Niue: self-governing in free association with New Zealand.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Niue" ], "families": [ "british" ] }, { "id": "gb-eng", "name": "England", "status": "related", "family": "british", "image": "flags/gb-eng.svg", "year": null, "note": "Constituent nation of the United Kingdom. A medieval cross tradition with no single modern adoption date.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_England" ], "families": [ "british" ] }, { "id": "gb-sct", "name": "Scotland", "status": "related", "family": "british", "image": "flags/gb-sct.svg", "year": null, "note": "Constituent nation of the United Kingdom. A medieval cross tradition with no single modern adoption date.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Scotland" ], "families": [ "british" ] }, { "id": "gb-wls", "name": "Wales", "status": "related", "family": "independent", "image": "flags/gb-wls.svg", "year": 1959, "note": "Constituent nation of the United Kingdom.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Wales" ], "families": [ "independent" ] }, { "id": "fo", "name": "Faroe Islands", "status": "related", "family": "nordic", "image": "flags/fo.svg", "year": 1919, "note": "", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Faroe_Islands" ], "families": [ "nordic" ] }, { "id": "ax", "name": "Åland Islands", "status": "related", "family": "nordic", "image": "flags/ax.svg", "year": 1954, "note": "", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Åland_Islands" ], "families": [ "nordic" ] }, { "id": "gl", "name": "Greenland", "status": "related", "family": "nordic", "image": "flags/gl.svg", "year": 1985, "note": "", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Greenland" ], "families": [ "nordic" ] }, { "id": "pr", "name": "Puerto Rico", "status": "related", "family": "american", "image": "flags/pr.svg", "year": 1895, "note": "", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Puerto_Rico" ], "families": [ "american" ] }, { "id": "us-hi", "name": "Hawaii", "status": "related", "family": "us-states", "image": "flags/us-hi.gif", "year": 1845, "note": "The Union flag canton reflects historical British connections; eight stripes represent the principal islands.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Hawaii", "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/us-hi.html" ], "families": [ "us-states", "british" ], "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/us-hi.html", "imageCredit": "image by Clay Moss , 16 September 2006 / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html" }, { "id": "eu", "name": "European Union", "status": "related", "family": "european", "image": "flags/eu.svg", "year": 1955, "note": "", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Europe" ], "families": [ "european" ] }, { "id": "un", "name": "United Nations", "status": "related", "family": "un", "image": "flags/un.svg", "year": 1947, "note": "The UN emblem grew from the 1945 San Francisco conference badge. Early drafting substituted olive branches (peace) for laurel (victory); the map was revised in 1946 and the flag adopted in 1947.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_the_United_Nations", "https://www.un.org/en/delegate/un-flag-turns-75", "https://www.icao.int/sites/default/files/postalhistory/the_early_emblems.htm" ], "families": [ "un" ] }, { "id": "prince", "name": "Prince’s Flag", "year": 1572, "end": null, "status": "historical", "family": "slavic", "families": [ "slavic" ], "image": "flags/prince.gif", "note": "Orange-white-blue Dutch revolt flag. Continued as a political symbol after red-white-blue became dominant.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince%27s_Flag" ], "page": "Prince%27s_Flag", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/nl_prvlg.html", "imageCredit": "Mark Sensen / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html" }, { "id": "union1606", "name": "Union Flag, 1606", "year": 1606, "end": 1801, "status": "historical", "family": "british", "families": [ "british", "nusantara" ], "image": "flags/union1606.gif", "note": "Combined the crosses of England and Scotland; the Irish saltire was added in 1801.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Great_Britain" ], "page": "Flag_of_Great_Britain", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/gb-hist.html", "imageCredit": "Željko Heimer / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html" }, { "id": "patrick", "name": "St Patrick’s saltire", "year": 1783, "end": null, "status": "related", "family": "british", "families": [ "british" ], "image": "flags/patrick.gif", "note": "Associated with the Order of St Patrick and incorporated into the Union Flag in 1801.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Patrick%27s_Saltire" ], "page": "Saint_Patrick%27s_Saltire", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/ie-stpat.html", "imageCredit": "Vincent Morley / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html", "role": "Heraldic flag" }, { "id": "blueensign", "name": "British Blue Ensign", "year": 1864, "end": null, "status": "related", "family": "british", "families": [ "british" ], "image": "flags/blueensign.gif", "note": "A maritime template for many colonial and later national flags. Still in use; 1864 marks the modern service allocation.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue_Ensign" ], "page": "Blue_Ensign", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/gb-ensig.html", "imageCredit": "Clay Moss / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html", "role": "Maritime ensign", "dateLabel": "Service use: 1864" }, { "id": "redensign", "name": "British Red Ensign", "year": 1801, "end": null, "status": "related", "family": "british", "families": [ "british" ], "image": "flags/redensign.gif", "note": "A British maritime flag, here shown in its post-1801 form. Its history predates this date.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Ensign" ], "page": "Red_Ensign", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/gb-ensig.html", "imageCredit": "Martin Grieve / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html", "role": "Maritime ensign", "dateLabel": "Form shown: 1801" }, { "id": "grandunion", "name": "Grand Union Flag", "year": 1775, "end": 1777, "status": "historical", "family": "american", "families": [ "american", "nusantara" ], "image": "flags/grandunion.gif", "note": "Thirteen stripes with the pre-1801 Union canton preceded the Stars and Stripes.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Union_Flag" ], "page": "Grand_Union_Flag", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/us-gu.html", "imageCredit": "Rick Wyatt / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html" }, { "id": "eastindia", "name": "East India Company", "year": 1707, "end": 1801, "status": "historical", "family": "american", "families": [ "american", "nusantara" ], "image": "flags/eastindia.gif", "note": "Representative pre-1801 company ensign with a Union canton. A proposed influence on the Grand Union Flag, but direct borrowing is unproven.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_the_East_India_Company" ], "page": "Flag_of_the_East_India_Company", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/gb-eic.html", "imageCredit": "Phil Nelson / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html" }, { "id": "ethiopian", "name": "Ethiopian plain tricolour", "year": 1914, "end": null, "status": "related", "family": "african", "families": [ "african" ], "image": "flags/ethiopian.gif", "note": "Green-yellow-red without the modern emblem; a long-used civil form. Ethiopia adopted a tricolour in 1897, but early ordering and emblems varied.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Ethiopia" ], "page": "Flag_of_Ethiopia", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/et.html", "imageCredit": "Ivan Sache / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html", "role": "Civil flag tradition" }, { "id": "unia", "name": "UNIA / Pan-African flag", "year": 1920, "end": null, "status": "related", "family": "african", "families": [ "african" ], "image": "flags/unia.gif", "note": "Marcus Garvey’s red-black-green banner remains a flag of the Pan-African movement.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan-African_flag" ], "page": "Pan-African_flag", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/us-afro.html", "imageCredit": "Rick Wyatt / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html", "role": "Movement flag" }, { "id": "anc", "name": "African National Congress", "year": 1925, "end": null, "status": "related", "family": "african", "families": [ "african" ], "image": "flags/anc.gif", "note": "Black-green-gold movement flag; one source of colours retained in democratic South Africa. The uncharged tricolour version is shown.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_the_African_National_Congress" ], "page": "Flag_of_the_African_National_Congress", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/za%7Danc.html", "imageCredit": "Jorge Candeias / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html", "role": "Movement flag" }, { "id": "arabrevolt", "name": "Arab Revolt", "year": 1917, "end": 1920, "status": "historical", "family": "arab", "families": [ "arab" ], "image": "flags/arabrevolt.gif", "note": "Black-green-white stripes with a red triangle. The revolt began in 1916; this arrangement is commonly dated to 1917.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_the_Arab_Revolt" ], "page": "Flag_of_the_Arab_Revolt", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/xo-arabc.html", "imageCredit": "Filip Van Laenen / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html" }, { "id": "liberation", "name": "Arab Liberation Flag", "year": 1952, "end": null, "status": "historical", "family": "arab", "families": [ "arab" ], "image": "flags/liberation.gif", "note": "Red-white-black revolutionary banner associated with Egypt’s 1952 revolution; variants carry different emblems. A plain colour-pattern version is shown.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab_Liberation_Flag" ], "page": "Arab_Liberation_Flag", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/xo-arabc.html", "imageCredit": "Santiago Dotor / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html" }, { "id": "uar", "name": "United Arab Republic", "year": 1958, "end": 1961, "status": "historical", "family": "arab", "families": [ "arab" ], "image": "flags/uar.gif", "note": "Two green stars represented Egypt and Syria. Later reused by Syria, 1980–2024.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Republic" ], "page": "Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Republic", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/sy-his2.html", "imageCredit": "Eugene Ipavec / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html" }, { "id": "syriaold", "name": "Syria, Assad-era flag", "year": 1980, "end": 2024, "status": "historical", "family": "arab", "families": [ "arab" ], "image": "flags/syriaold.gif", "note": "The two-star red-white-black flag was replaced after Assad’s fall. This node represents its 1980–2024 use.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Syria" ], "page": "Flag_of_Syria", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/sy-1980.html", "imageCredit": "Zoltan Horvath / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html" }, { "id": "miranda", "name": "Miranda’s tricolour", "year": 1806, "end": 1811, "status": "historical", "family": "latin", "families": [ "latin" ], "image": "flags/miranda.gif", "note": "Yellow-blue-red revolutionary colours introduced by Francisco de Miranda. The illustration shows the basic tricolour before later national emblems were added.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Venezuela", "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/co.html" ], "page": "Flag_of_Venezuela", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/co-hist.html", "imageCredit": "Jorge Candeias / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html" }, { "id": "gran", "name": "Gran Colombia", "year": 1819, "end": 1831, "status": "historical", "family": "latin", "families": [ "latin" ], "image": "flags/gran.gif", "note": "Shared historical state behind the Colombian, Ecuadorian and Venezuelan branches; several variants existed. The illustration represents an 1821 variant.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Gran_Colombia" ], "page": "Flag_of_Gran_Colombia", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/co-gran.html", "imageCredit": "Jaume Ollé / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html" }, { "id": "central", "name": "Central American federation", "year": 1823, "end": 1841, "status": "historical", "family": "latin", "families": [ "latin" ], "image": "flags/central.gif", "note": "Blue-white-blue federal flag. Dates include the United Provinces and Federal Republic periods. The illustration shows the federal republic variant used from 1824–1825.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Central_America", "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/cam-us.html" ], "page": "Flag_of_the_Federal_Republic_of_Central_America", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/cam-us.html", "imageCredit": "Jaume Ollé / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html" }, { "id": "ussr", "name": "Soviet Union", "year": 1923, "end": 1991, "status": "historical", "family": "red", "families": [ "red" ], "image": "flags/ussr.gif", "note": "Red field with hammer, sickle and star. Minor construction changes are collapsed.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union" ], "page": "Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/su.html", "imageCredit": "António Martins / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html" }, { "id": "byssr", "name": "Byelorussian SSR", "year": 1951, "end": 1991, "status": "historical", "family": "red", "families": [ "red" ], "image": "flags/byssr.gif", "note": "Red and green with a woven ornament, retained in altered form after Soviet symbols were removed.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_the_Byelorussian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" ], "page": "Flag_of_the_Byelorussian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/su-by.html", "imageCredit": "Željko Heimer and Zachary Harden / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html" }, { "id": "yugoslavia", "name": "Socialist Yugoslavia", "year": 1945, "end": 1992, "status": "historical", "family": "slavic", "families": [ "slavic" ], "image": "flags/yugoslavia.gif", "note": "Blue-white-red with a red star, combining the Yugoslav tricolour with the emblem of the Partisan movement.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Yugoslavia" ], "page": "Flag_of_Yugoslavia", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/yu_fy.html", "imageCredit": "Željko Heimer / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html" }, { "id": "czechoslovakia", "name": "Czechoslovakia", "year": 1920, "end": 1992, "status": "historical", "family": "slavic", "families": [ "slavic", "red" ], "image": "flags/czechoslovakia.svg", "note": "The Czech Republic retained this design after the federation dissolved. This same national flag continued under communist rule (1948–1989) and after the Velvet Revolution until dissolution in 1992.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Czechoslovakia" ], "page": "Flag_of_Czechoslovakia", "imageSource": "https://flagpedia.net/download/api" }, { "id": "germanempire", "name": "German Empire", "year": 1871, "end": 1918, "status": "historical", "family": "french", "families": [ "french" ], "image": "flags/germanempire.gif", "note": "Black-white-red combines Prussian black-white with Hanseatic white-red. Hamburg’s modern castle flag exemplifies the latter heraldic tradition; black-red-gold belonged to a competing national tradition.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_the_German_Empire", "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/de.html" ], "page": "Flag_of_the_German_Empire", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/de1871.html", "imageCredit": "António Martins / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html" }, { "id": "weimar", "name": "Weimar Republic", "year": 1919, "end": 1933, "status": "historical", "family": "french", "families": [ "french" ], "image": "flags/weimar.gif", "note": "Black-red-gold returned to official use in 1919, drawing on the nineteenth-century liberal movement.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Germany" ], "page": "Flag_of_Germany", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/de1919.html", "imageCredit": "M. Schmöger / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html" }, { "id": "gdr", "name": "East Germany", "year": 1959, "end": 1990, "status": "historical", "family": "french", "families": [ "french", "red" ], "image": "flags/gdr.gif", "note": "The national emblem differentiated the GDR flag from the West German tricolour.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_East_Germany" ], "page": "Flag_of_East_Germany", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/de-ddr.html", "imageCredit": "Jaume Ollé / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html" }, { "id": "zaold", "name": "South Africa, 1928", "year": 1928, "end": 1994, "status": "historical", "family": "british", "families": [ "british" ], "image": "flags/zaold.gif", "note": "Orange-white-blue with three smaller flags, replaced at the end of apartheid.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_South_Africa_(1928%E2%80%931994)" ], "page": "Flag_of_South_Africa_(1928%E2%80%931994)", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/za_old.html", "imageCredit": "Clay Moss / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html" }, { "id": "canadaold", "name": "Canadian Red Ensign", "year": 1957, "end": 1965, "status": "historical", "family": "british", "families": [ "british" ], "image": "flags/canadaold.gif", "note": "Representative late form of the ensign used before the Maple Leaf. Earlier arms variants are omitted.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian_Red_Ensign" ], "page": "Canadian_Red_Ensign", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/ca-1957.html", "imageCredit": "Clay Moss / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html" }, { "id": "brazilempire", "name": "Empire of Brazil", "year": 1822, "end": 1889, "status": "historical", "family": "southern-cross", "families": [ "southern-cross" ], "image": "flags/brazilempire.gif", "note": "Green field and yellow diamond survived the change from monarchy to republic, while the central emblem changed.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_the_Empire_of_Brazil" ], "page": "Flag_of_the_Empire_of_Brazil", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/br_emp.html", "imageCredit": "Simon J. Frame, modified by Joseph McMillan / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html" }, { "id": "portugalold", "name": "Portugal, monarchy", "year": 1830, "end": 1910, "status": "historical", "family": "iberian", "families": [ "iberian" ], "image": "flags/portugalold.gif", "note": "Blue-white royal flag replaced by the republican red-green design; national arms continued in altered form.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Portugal" ], "page": "Flag_of_Portugal", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/pt_1830.html", "imageCredit": "António Martins / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html" }, { "id": "spainrepublic", "name": "Spanish Second Republic", "year": 1931, "end": 1939, "status": "historical", "family": "iberian", "families": [ "iberian" ], "image": "flags/spainrepublic.gif", "note": "Red-yellow-purple republican flag; the later state returned to red-yellow-red.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_the_Second_Spanish_Republic" ], "page": "Flag_of_the_Second_Spanish_Republic", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/es1931.html", "imageCredit": "Luis Miguel Arias / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html" }, { "id": "libyagreen", "name": "Libya, green flag", "year": 1977, "end": 2011, "status": "historical", "family": "arab", "families": [ "arab" ], "image": "flags/libyagreen.gif", "note": "The plain green flag of Gaddafi’s state; replaced in 2011 by the restored independence design.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Libya" ], "page": "Flag_of_Libya", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/ly_1977.html", "imageCredit": "António Martins-Tuválkin / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html" }, { "id": "afrepublic", "name": "Afghanistan, republic", "year": 2004, "end": 2021, "status": "historical", "family": "persian", "families": [ "persian", "red" ], "image": "flags/afrepublic.svg", "note": "Black-red-green republican tricolour, including later emblem variants as one design family. Its black-red-green tricolour was introduced in 1928 after Amanullah’s European journey, with the Weimar flag often cited as a model.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Afghanistan", "https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/flags-ii/" ], "page": "Flag_of_Afghanistan", "imageSource": "https://flagpedia.net/download/api" }, { "id": "myanmarold", "name": "Myanmar, socialist design", "year": 1974, "end": 2010, "status": "historical", "family": "red", "families": [ "red" ], "image": "flags/myanmarold.gif", "note": "Red with a blue canton containing the socialist emblem; replaced by the yellow-green-red triband in 2010. 5:9 variant. FOTW records adoption 27 December 1973 and constitution date 3 January 1974.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Myanmar", "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/mm-73.html" ], "page": "Flag_of_Myanmar", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/mm-73.html", "imageCredit": "Željko Heimer / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html" }, { "id": "rwandaold", "name": "Rwanda, R tricolour", "year": 1962, "end": 2001, "status": "historical", "family": "african", "families": [ "african" ], "image": "flags/rwandaold.gif", "note": "Red-yellow-green with a central R, replaced in 2001 by a new blue-yellow-green design.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Rwanda", "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/rw-1962.html" ], "page": "Flag_of_Rwanda", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/rw-1962.html", "imageCredit": "Željko Heimer / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html" }, { "id": "zaire", "name": "Zaire", "year": 1971, "end": 1997, "status": "historical", "family": "african", "families": [ "african" ], "image": "flags/zaire.gif", "note": "Green field with a yellow disc and torch, abandoned when the state again became the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Illustration shows the later 1990 specification of the same principal design.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Zaire" ], "page": "Flag_of_Zaire", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/cd-zr.html", "imageCredit": "Martin Grieve / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html" }, { "id": "georgiaold", "name": "Georgia, 1990", "year": 1990, "end": 2004, "status": "historical", "family": "red", "families": [ "red" ], "image": "flags/georgiaold.gif", "note": "Restored 1918 republic design; replaced by the five-cross flag in 2004.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Georgia_(country)", "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/ge_1990.html" ], "page": "Flag_of_Georgia_(country)", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/ge_1990.html", "imageCredit": "Željko Heimer / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html" }, { "id": "lesothoold", "name": "Lesotho, 1987", "year": 1987, "end": 2006, "status": "historical", "family": "independent", "families": [ "independent" ], "image": "flags/lesothoold.gif", "note": "Diagonal design with military emblem, replaced by the triband and Basotho hat in 2006.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Lesotho", "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/ls-hist.html" ], "page": "Flag_of_Lesotho", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/ls-hist.html", "imageCredit": "Željko Heimer / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html" }, { "id": "malawiold", "name": "Malawi, 2010", "year": 2010, "end": 2012, "status": "historical", "family": "african", "families": [ "african" ], "image": "flags/malawiold.gif", "note": "Brief redesign with a full white sun; the previous rising-sun design was restored in 2012.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Malawi", "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/mw-01.html" ], "page": "Flag_of_Malawi", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/mw-01.html", "imageCredit": "Martin Grieve / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html" }, { "id": "tanganyika", "name": "Tanganyika", "year": 1961, "end": 1964, "status": "historical", "family": "african", "families": [ "african" ], "image": "flags/tanganyika.gif", "note": "Green-black-green with gold borders. Combined with Zanzibar’s colours in the Tanzanian flag.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Tanganyika", "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/tz-tng.html" ], "page": "Flag_of_Tanganyika", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/tz-tng.html", "imageCredit": "Vincent Morley / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html" }, { "id": "zanzibar", "name": "Zanzibar, 1964", "year": 1964, "end": 1964, "status": "historical", "family": "african", "families": [ "african" ], "image": "flags/zanzibar.gif", "note": "Blue-black-green revolutionary colours, shown in the 1964 variant with a narrow white hoist stripe. These colours contributed to the new Tanzanian flag.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Zanzibar", "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/tz-zan.html" ], "page": "Flag_of_Zanzibar", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/tz-zan.html", "imageCredit": "António Martins / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html" }, { "id": "eritreaold", "name": "Eritrea, federation", "year": 1952, "end": 1962, "status": "historical", "family": "un", "families": [ "un" ], "image": "flags/eritreaold.gif", "note": "Blue flag with a green olive wreath, an important emblem source for today’s flag. Federation-era Eritrean flag.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Eritrea", "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/er_1952.html" ], "page": "Flag_of_Eritrea", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/er_1952.html", "imageCredit": "Mark Sensen and Dov Gutterman / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html" }, { "id": "trust", "name": "Trust Territory, Pacific", "year": 1965, "end": 1994, "status": "historical", "family": "un", "families": [ "un" ], "image": "flags/trust.gif", "note": "Blue field and six white stars representing island districts; predecessor administration of several Pacific states.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_the_Trust_Territory_of_the_Pacific_Islands", "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/xp-pc.html" ], "page": "Flag_of_the_Trust_Territory_of_the_Pacific_Islands", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/xp-pc.html", "imageCredit": "Phil Nelson / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html" }, { "id": "india1931", "name": "Indian National Congress", "year": 1931, "end": 1947, "status": "historical", "family": "independent", "families": [ "independent" ], "image": "flags/india1931.gif", "note": "Saffron-white-green with a spinning wheel; the national flag replaced the wheel with the Ashoka Chakra in 1947.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_India", "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/in-hist.html" ], "page": "Flag_of_India", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/in-hist.html", "imageCredit": "Dylan Crawfoot / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html" }, { "id": "bangladeshold", "name": "Bangladesh, 1971", "year": 1971, "end": 1972, "status": "historical", "family": "independent", "families": [ "independent" ], "image": "flags/bangladeshold.gif", "note": "Independence-war flag with a map inside the red disc; the map was removed in 1972.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Bangladesh", "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/bd.html" ], "page": "Flag_of_Bangladesh", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/bd.html", "imageCredit": "Jorge Candeias / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html" }, { "id": "iranold", "name": "Iran, Lion and Sun", "year": 1964, "end": 1979, "status": "historical", "family": "persian", "families": [ "persian" ], "image": "flags/iranold.gif", "note": "Representative late monarchy flag. The 1980 redesign replaced the emblem and added border inscriptions. State flag with lion and sun. Source notes continued use until 1980.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Iran", "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/ir_imp64.html" ], "page": "Flag_of_Iran", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/ir_imp64.html", "imageCredit": "Martin Grieve / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html" }, { "id": "korea", "name": "Korean Empire", "year": 1882, "end": 1910, "status": "historical", "family": "independent", "families": [ "independent" ], "image": "flags/korea.gif", "note": "Early Taegeukgi tradition, ancestral to the modern South Korean flag; exact trigram arrangements varied.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_South_Korea", "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/kr_hist.html" ], "page": "Flag_of_South_Korea", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/kr_hist.html", "imageCredit": "Kazutaka Nishiura / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html" }, { "id": "rocmainland", "name": "Republic of China, mainland", "year": 1928, "end": 1949, "status": "historical", "family": "red", "families": [ "red" ], "image": "flags/rocmainland.svg", "note": "The same principal design continues on Taiwan; the PRC adopted a different flag in 1949.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China" ], "page": "Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China", "imageSource": "https://flagpedia.net/download/api" }, { "id": "nazi", "name": "Nazi Germany", "year": 1935, "end": 1945, "family": "french", "families": [ "french" ], "status": "historical", "note": "The swastika flag became the sole national flag in 1935, after being a co-national flag from 1933.", "sources": [ "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/de193345.html" ], "image": "flags/nazi.gif", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/de193345.html", "imageCredit": "Mark Sensen and António Martins-Tuválkin / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html" }, { "id": "qing", "name": "Qing dynasty", "year": 1889, "end": 1912, "family": "red", "families": [ "red" ], "status": "historical", "note": "Late rectangular yellow-dragon flag. Earlier imperial maritime flags were triangular.", "sources": [ "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/cn-dragn.html" ], "image": "flags/qing.gif", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/cn-dragn.html", "imageCredit": "Mario Fabretto / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html" }, { "id": "frenchroyal", "name": "France, Bourbon Restoration", "year": 1814, "end": 1830, "family": "french", "families": [ "french", "french-royal" ], "status": "historical", "note": "Plain white national flag under the restored Bourbon monarchy, interrupted during Napoleon’s Hundred Days in 1815. The tricolour returned in 1830.", "sources": [ "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/fr_rest.html" ], "image": "flags/frenchroyal.gif", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/fr_rest.html", "imageCredit": "Ivan Sache / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html" }, { "id": "china1912", "name": "China, five-colour republic", "year": 1912, "end": 1928, "family": "red", "families": [ "red" ], "status": "historical", "note": "Five horizontal colours symbolised the early republic’s conception of its major peoples. Replaced by the Nationalist flag in 1928.", "sources": [ "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/cn-nqta.html" ], "image": "flags/china1912.gif", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/cn-nqta.html", "imageCredit": "Miles Li / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html" }, { "id": "ottoman", "name": "Ottoman crescent & star", "year": 1800, "end": 1922, "family": "crescent", "families": [ "crescent" ], "status": "historical", "note": "Ottoman crescent-and-star tradition, illustrated by its later five-pointed form. Star shapes varied; the often-quoted 1793 and 1844 standardisation dates are disputed.", "sources": [ "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/tr-ottom.html" ], "image": "flags/ottoman.svg", "imageSource": "https://flagpedia.net/download/api", "dateLabel": "By early 19th century" }, { "id": "us-tx", "name": "Texas", "year": 1839, "family": "us-states", "families": [ "us-states", "american" ], "status": "related", "note": "The Lone Star flag began as the Republic of Texas national flag in 1839 and continued after statehood.", "sources": [ "https://www.tsl.texas.gov/ref/abouttx/flagdes", "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/us-tx.html" ], "image": "flags/us-tx.gif", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/us-tx.html", "imageCredit": "image by Ivan Sarajcic , 4 April 2007 / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html" }, { "id": "us-ca", "name": "California", "year": 1911, "family": "us-states", "families": [ "us-states" ], "status": "related", "note": "The modern state flag revives the Bear Flag revolt of 1846; the bear was standardized in 1953.", "sources": [ "https://capitolmuseum.ca.gov/state-symbols/flag/", "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/us-ca.html" ], "image": "flags/us-ca.gif", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/us-ca.html", "imageCredit": "image by Mario Fabretto , 24 February 1998 / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html" }, { "id": "us-md", "name": "Maryland", "year": 1904, "family": "us-states", "families": [ "us-states" ], "status": "related", "note": "The quarters combine the Calvert and Crossland family arms.", "sources": [ "https://sos.maryland.gov/pages/services/flag-history.aspx", "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/us-md.html" ], "image": "flags/us-md.gif", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/us-md.html", "imageCredit": "image by Carlos Thompson , 8 July 2003 / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html" }, { "id": "us-nm", "name": "New Mexico", "year": 1925, "family": "us-states", "families": [ "us-states" ], "status": "related", "note": "The Zia sun symbol appears in red on yellow; the colours recall Spain, while the emblem belongs to the Zia Pueblo tradition.", "sources": [ "https://www.sos.nm.gov/about-new-mexico/state-flag/", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_New_Mexico", "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/us-nm.html" ], "image": "flags/us-nm.gif", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/us-nm.html", "imageCredit": "image by Clay Moss , 16 March 2009 / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html" }, { "id": "us-oh", "name": "Ohio", "year": 1902, "family": "us-states", "families": [ "us-states", "american" ], "status": "related", "note": "John Eisenmann’s swallowtailed burgee has seventeen stars for statehood order and a disk suggesting the O of Ohio and a buckeye.", "sources": [ "https://ohio.gov/government/resources/ohio-facts-state-symbols", "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/us-oh.html" ], "image": "flags/us-oh.gif", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/us-oh.html", "imageCredit": "image by Zachary Harden , 19 May 2016 / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html" }, { "id": "us-tn", "name": "Tennessee", "year": 1905, "family": "us-states", "families": [ "us-states", "american" ], "status": "related", "note": "Reeves’s 1905 design joins the three Grand Divisions in a blue circle. The museum distinguishes it from an unadopted Confederate-based proposal of 1861. Direct Confederate descent of this flag remains unsubstantiated.", "sources": [ "https://www.tn.gov/about-tn/state-symbols.html", "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/us-tn.html", "https://tennesseehistory.org/reeves-state-flag/", "https://tnmuseum.org/Stories/posts/a-grand-design-captain-le-roy-reeves-and-the-tennessee-state-flag", "https://tnmuseum.org/junior-curators/posts/tn225-the-tennessee-state-flag" ], "image": "flags/us-tn.gif", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/us-tn.html", "imageCredit": "image by Clay Moss , 17 November 2006 / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html" }, { "id": "us-ak", "name": "Alaska", "year": 1927, "family": "us-states", "families": [ "us-states" ], "status": "related", "note": "Benny Benson’s design shows the Big Dipper and North Star, expressing Alaska’s northern setting.", "sources": [ "https://museums.alaska.gov/eightstars/stars.html", "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/us-ak.html" ], "image": "flags/us-ak.gif", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/us-ak.html", "imageCredit": "image by Zachary Harden , 19 May 2016 / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html" }, { "id": "us-co", "name": "Colorado", "year": 1911, "family": "us-states", "families": [ "us-states" ], "status": "related", "note": "Andrew Carlisle Carson’s red C frames a golden disk over blue and white stripes; specifications were refined in 1964.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Colorado", "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/us-co.html" ], "image": "flags/us-co.gif", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/us-co.html", "imageCredit": "image by Clay Moss , 9 August 2007 / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html" }, { "id": "us-az", "name": "Arizona", "year": 1917, "family": "us-states", "families": [ "us-states" ], "status": "related", "note": "Thirteen red and yellow rays recall the original states and the western sunset; the copper star reflects mining.", "sources": [ "https://azlibrary.gov/dazl/almanac/azflag", "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/us-az.html" ], "image": "flags/us-az.gif", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/us-az.html", "imageCredit": "image by Zachary Harden , 19 May 2016 / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html" }, { "id": "ca-qc", "name": "Quebec", "year": 1948, "family": "canada-provinces", "families": [ "canada-provinces", "french-royal" ], "status": "related", "note": "The Fleurdelisé combines a white cross with four upright fleurs-de-lis, drawing on French and French-Canadian traditions.", "sources": [ "https://www.quebec.ca/gouvernement/portrait-quebec/drapeau-symboles-nationaux/drapeau/histoire", "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/ca-qc.html" ], "image": "flags/ca-qc.gif", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/ca-qc.html", "imageCredit": "image by Martin Grieve The official proportions of the flag are: horizontally: 10-4-10 (=24) vertically: 6-4-6 (=16) with height of the fleur-de-lys: 4 The flag was officially confirmed on 21 January 1948 / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html" }, { "id": "ca-bc", "name": "British Columbia", "year": 1960, "family": "canada-provinces", "families": [ "canada-provinces", "british" ], "status": "related", "note": "A banner of the provincial arms combines a Union flag with a setting sun and blue-white waves.", "sources": [ "https://www2.gov.bc.ca/gov/content/governments/celebrating-british-columbia/symbols-of-bc", "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/ca-bc.html" ], "image": "flags/ca-bc.gif", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/ca-bc.html", "imageCredit": "image by Martin Grieve and Christopher Southworth, 17-18 September 2005 / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html" }, { "id": "ca-on", "name": "Ontario", "year": 1965, "family": "canada-provinces", "families": [ "canada-provinces", "british" ], "status": "related", "note": "A Red Ensign with the provincial shield retained the older Canadian ensign tradition after adoption of the Maple Leaf.", "sources": [ "https://www.canada.ca/en/canadian-heritage/services/provincial-territorial-symbols-canada/ontario.html", "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/ca-on.html" ], "image": "flags/ca-on.gif", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/ca-on.html", "imageCredit": "image by Clay Moss , 21 August 2009 / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html" }, { "id": "ca-mb", "name": "Manitoba", "year": 1966, "family": "canada-provinces", "families": [ "canada-provinces", "british" ], "status": "related", "note": "The Red Ensign carries the provincial shield with Saint George’s cross and a bison.", "sources": [ "https://www.canada.ca/en/canadian-heritage/services/provincial-territorial-symbols-canada/manitoba.html", "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/ca-mb.html" ], "image": "flags/ca-mb.gif", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/ca-mb.html", "imageCredit": "image by Clay Moss, 17 August 2009 / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html" }, { "id": "ca-ns", "name": "Nova Scotia", "year": 1929, "family": "canada-provinces", "families": [ "canada-provinces", "british" ], "status": "related", "note": "The banner of arms reverses Scotland’s white saltire on blue and adds the Scottish royal lion; its arms date to 1625.", "sources": [ "https://www.canada.ca/en/canadian-heritage/services/provincial-territorial-symbols-canada/nova-scotia.html", "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/ca-ns.html" ], "image": "flags/ca-ns.gif", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/ca-ns.html", "imageCredit": "image by Clay Moss , 18 August 2009 / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html", "dateLabel": "Arms from 1625" }, { "id": "au-nsw", "name": "New South Wales", "year": 1876, "family": "australian-states", "families": [ "australian-states", "british", "southern-cross" ], "status": "related", "note": "St George cross, stars and lion badge.", "sources": [ "https://www.pmc.gov.au/resources/australian-flags-booklet/part-3-other-official-flags-australia/state-and-territory-flags" ], "image": "flags/au-nsw.gif", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/au-nsw.html", "imageCredit": "Clay Moss, 17 October 2008 / FOTW Flags Of The World", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html" }, { "id": "au-vic", "name": "Victoria", "year": 1877, "family": "australian-states", "families": [ "australian-states", "british", "southern-cross" ], "status": "related", "note": "Southern Cross and crown badge, introduced in 1877.", "sources": [ "https://www.pmc.gov.au/resources/australian-flags-booklet/part-3-other-official-flags-australia/state-and-territory-flags" ], "image": "flags/au-vic.gif", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/au-vic.html", "imageCredit": "Martin Grieve, 26 January 2009 / FOTW Flags Of The World", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html" }, { "id": "au-qld", "name": "Queensland", "year": 1876, "family": "australian-states", "families": [ "australian-states", "british" ], "status": "related", "note": "Crowned Maltese cross badge.", "sources": [ "https://www.pmc.gov.au/resources/australian-flags-booklet/part-3-other-official-flags-australia/state-and-territory-flags" ], "image": "flags/au-qld.gif", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/au-ql.html", "imageCredit": "Martin Grieve, 26 July 2008 / FOTW Flags Of The World", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html" }, { "id": "au-sa", "name": "South Australia", "year": 1904, "family": "australian-states", "families": [ "australian-states", "british" ], "status": "related", "note": "Piping shrike badge on a golden disc.", "sources": [ "https://www.pmc.gov.au/resources/australian-flags-booklet/part-3-other-official-flags-australia/state-and-territory-flags" ], "image": "flags/au-sa.gif", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/au-sa.html", "imageCredit": "Martin Grieve, 15 June 2006 / FOTW Flags Of The World", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html" }, { "id": "au-wa", "name": "Western Australia", "year": 1875, "family": "australian-states", "families": [ "australian-states", "british" ], "status": "related", "note": "Black swan badge, confirmed in 1875. The swan was turned towards the hoist in 1953.", "sources": [ "https://www.pmc.gov.au/resources/australian-flags-booklet/part-3-other-official-flags-australia/state-and-territory-flags" ], "image": "flags/au-wa.gif", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/au-wa.html", "imageCredit": "Martin Grieve, 1 March 2006 / FOTW Flags Of The World", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html" }, { "id": "au-tas", "name": "Tasmania", "year": 1876, "family": "australian-states", "families": [ "australian-states", "british" ], "status": "related", "note": "Red lion badge on a white disc, used since 1876.", "sources": [ "https://www.pmc.gov.au/resources/australian-flags-booklet/part-3-other-official-flags-australia/state-and-territory-flags" ], "image": "flags/au-tas.gif", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/au-tas.html", "imageCredit": "Martin Grieve, 27 November 2008 / FOTW Flags Of The World", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html" }, { "id": "au-act", "name": "Australian Capital Territory", "year": 1993, "family": "australian-states", "families": [ "australian-states", "southern-cross" ], "status": "related", "note": "Adopted in 1993. The Southern Cross accompanies a modified version of Canberra’s arms in the territory’s blue and gold colours.", "sources": [ "https://www.pmc.gov.au/resources/australian-flags-booklet/part-3-other-official-flags-australia/state-and-territory-flags" ], "image": "flags/au-act.gif", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/au-act.html", "imageCredit": "Martin Grieve, 14 June 2009 / FOTW Flags Of The World", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html" }, { "id": "au-nt", "name": "Northern Territory", "year": 1978, "family": "australian-states", "families": [ "australian-states", "southern-cross" ], "status": "related", "note": "Robert Ingpen’s 1978 design combines the Southern Cross with a Sturt’s desert rose in black, white and ochre.", "sources": [ "https://www.pmc.gov.au/resources/australian-flags-booklet/part-3-other-official-flags-australia/state-and-territory-flags" ], "image": "flags/au-nt.gif", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/au-nt.html", "imageCredit": "Martin Grieve, 27 April 2006 / FOTW Flags Of The World", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html" }, { "id": "es-pv", "name": "Basque Country", "year": 1894, "family": "europe-regions", "families": [ "europe-regions" ], "status": "related", "note": "The Arana brothers introduced the Ikurrina in 1894 for Biscay. Its red field, green saltire and white cross drew on Biscay’s symbolism; it became the Basque government flag in 1936.", "sources": [ "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/es-pv.html" ], "image": "flags/es-pv.gif", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/es-pv.html", "imageCredit": "António Martins-Tuválkin, 14 December 2023 / FOTW Flags Of The World", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html" }, { "id": "es-ct", "name": "Catalonia · Senyera", "year": null, "family": "europe-regions", "families": [ "europe-regions", "iberian" ], "status": "related", "note": "Four red bars on gold derive from the medieval royal arms shared by the Crown of Aragon and the House of Barcelona. The plain Senyera serves as Catalonia’s flag.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senyera" ], "image": "flags/es-ct.gif", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/es-ct.html", "imageCredit": "António Martins, 28 October 2017 / FOTW Flags Of The World", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html", "dateLabel": "Medieval design" }, { "id": "es-ar", "name": "Aragon", "year": 1984, "family": "europe-regions", "families": [ "europe-regions", "iberian" ], "status": "related", "note": "The regional flag combines the four red bars on gold with Aragon’s coat of arms. Its current regulation dates from 1984.", "sources": [ "https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-1984-10265", "https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandera_de_Arag%C3%B3n" ], "image": "flags/es-ar.gif", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/es-ar.html", "imageCredit": "Antonio Gutiérrez / S.E.V., 24 September 1999 / FOTW Flags Of The World", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html", "dateLabel": "Design from 1984" }, { "id": "es-vc", "name": "Valencian Community", "year": 1982, "family": "europe-regions", "families": [ "europe-regions", "iberian" ], "status": "related", "note": "The crowned Senyera adds a decorated blue band to the four red bars on gold. Its medieval Valencian tradition was recognised in the 1982 Statute of Autonomy.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_the_Valencian_Community" ], "image": "flags/es-vc.gif", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/es-vc.html", "imageCredit": "Jaume Ollé / FOTW Flags Of The World", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html", "dateLabel": "Medieval Senyera" }, { "id": "fr-bre", "name": "Brittany", "year": 1923, "family": "europe-regions", "families": [ "europe-regions", "american" ], "status": "related", "note": "Morvan Marchal combined Breton ermine and nine black-and-white stripes in 1923. The stripes represent Brittany’s traditional dioceses.", "sources": [ "https://bcd.bzh/becedia/en/just-how-traditional-is-the-gwenn-ha-du-flag" ], "image": "flags/fr-bre.gif", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/fr-bz.html", "imageCredit": "Vincent Morley, 6 July 2000 / FOTW Flags Of The World", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html" }, { "id": "de-by", "name": "Bavaria · lozenges", "year": 1953, "family": "german-states", "families": [ "german-states" ], "status": "related", "note": "The white-blue lozenges continue the Wittelsbach dynastic tradition; Bavaria also has an equally official striped flag.", "sources": [ "https://www.bayern.landtag.de/parlament/staatssymbole/staatsflagge/", "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/de-by.html" ], "image": "flags/de-by.gif", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/de-by.html", "imageCredit": "M. Schmöger / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html", "dateLabel": "Medieval lozenges" }, { "id": "majapahit", "name": "Majapahit · attributed banner", "year": 1293, "family": "nusantara", "families": [ "nusantara" ], "status": "historical", "note": "Modern reconstruction traditionally attributed to the Majapahit Empire (1293–c.1527). The exact historical flag design is disputed. Nine red-and-white stripes also appear in Indonesia’s modern naval jack. Alleged borrowing by the English East India Company remains unconfirmed.", "sources": [ "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/id~jack.html", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flags_and_emblems_of_Majapahit", "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/gb-eic2.html" ], "image": "flags/majapahit.gif", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/id~jack.html", "imageCredit": "Mark Sensen, 21 May 1998 / FOTW Flags Of The World", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html", "end": 1527, "dateLabel": "Attributed · 13th–16th c." }, { "id": "id-jack", "name": "Indonesia · naval jack", "year": null, "family": "nusantara", "families": [ "nusantara" ], "status": "related", "note": "Nine alternating red and white stripes. Flags of the World records the traditional attribution of this design to Majapahit.", "sources": [ "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/id~jack.html" ], "image": "flags/id-jack.gif", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/id~jack.html", "imageCredit": "Mark Sensen, 21 May 1998 / FOTW Flags Of The World", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html", "dateLabel": "Modern naval use" }, { "id": "california1846", "name": "California · Bear Flag", "year": 1846, "end": 1846, "family": "us-states", "families": [ "us-states" ], "status": "historical", "note": "William Todd’s Bear Flag, one of several designs used during the 1846 revolt. This illustration reconstructs the Todd example, destroyed in the 1906 San Francisco fire.", "sources": [ "https://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=24644", "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/us-ca46.html" ], "image": "flags/california1846.gif", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/us-ca46.html", "imageCredit": "Pete Loeser, 20 July 2014, after James J. Ferrigan III / FOTW Flags Of The World", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html" }, { "id": "texas1836", "name": "Texas · Burnet flag", "year": 1836, "end": 1839, "family": "us-states", "families": [ "us-states", "american" ], "status": "historical", "note": "Blue with a gold star: the Republic of Texas national standard adopted in December 1836. Replaced as the national flag in 1839; it continued as the war flag until 1845.", "sources": [ "https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/flags-of-texas", "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/us-txhs2.html" ], "image": "flags/texas1836.gif", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/us-txhs2.html", "imageCredit": "Chris Pinette, 29 April 1997 / FOTW Flags Of The World", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html" }, { "id": "us-ms", "name": "Mississippi", "year": 2021, "end": null, "family": "us-states", "families": [ "us-states" ], "status": "related", "note": "The magnolia design approved by voters in 2020 became official in 2021, replacing the flag bearing a Confederate battle emblem.", "sources": [ "https://www.mdah.ms.gov/taxonomy/term/134", "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/us-ms.html" ], "image": "flags/us-ms.gif", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/us-ms.html", "imageCredit": "image by Clay Moss , 15 November 2020 / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html" }, { "id": "mississippi1894", "name": "Mississippi · former flag", "year": 1894, "end": 2020, "family": "us-states", "families": [ "us-states", "american" ], "status": "historical", "note": "The state flag adopted in 1894 incorporated the Confederate battle emblem. The legislature retired it in 2020. This illustration shows the later standard version with a white border around the canton.", "sources": [ "https://www.mdah.ms.gov/news/state-flag-commission-picks-new-magnolia-flag-november-ballot", "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/us-ms.html" ], "image": "flags/mississippi1894.gif", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/us-ms.html", "imageCredit": "Clay Moss, 28 December 2005 / FOTW Flags Of The World", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html" }, { "id": "confederatebattle", "name": "Confederate battle flag", "year": 1861, "end": 1865, "family": "us-states", "families": [ "us-states", "american" ], "status": "historical", "note": "Southern Cross battle design introduced in 1861. Shown: the square Army of Northern Virginia pattern of 1863, with thirteen stars and white outer border. Confederate units used several variants.", "sources": [ "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/us-anv.html", "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/us-anv.html" ], "image": "flags/confederatebattle.gif", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/us-anv.html", "imageCredit": "Rick Wyatt, 20 November 1997 / FOTW Flags Of The World", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html" }, { "id": "brittanyermine", "name": "Brittany · ducal ermine banner", "status": "historical", "family": "europe-regions", "families": [ "europe-regions" ], "year": 1316, "note": "Modern rendering of the ducal arms as a banner: an ermine field. The arms are recorded on a seal of 1318.", "sources": [ "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/fr-bz-du.html" ], "image": "flags/brittanyermine.gif", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/images/f/fr-bz-hp.gif", "imageCredit": "Mikael Bodlore-Penlaez / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html" }, { "id": "brittanycross", "name": "Brittany · Kroaz Du", "status": "historical", "family": "europe-regions", "families": [ "europe-regions" ], "year": 1400, "note": "Black-cross flag used in medieval Brittany. The date gives an approximate period; the early chronology remains uncertain.", "sources": [ "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/fr-bz-du.html" ], "image": "flags/brittanycross.gif", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/images/f/fr-bz-kd.gif", "imageCredit": "Ivan Sache / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html", "dateLabel": "Medieval · date approximate" }, { "id": "belgrano", "name": "Belgrano · early flag reconstruction", "status": "historical", "family": "latin", "families": [ "latin" ], "year": 1812, "note": "Reconstruction of an early Belgrano flag associated with 1813. The precise arrangement first raised in 1812 is uncertain; its colours came from the revolutionary cockade.", "sources": [ "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/xl_belg.html", "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/ar.html" ], "image": "flags/belgrano.gif", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/images/a/ar_1814.gif", "imageCredit": "Jaume Ollé / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html", "role": "reconstruction", "dateLabel": "1812–1815 · reconstruction" }, { "id": "cyrenaica", "name": "Cyrenaica · Senussi black flag", "status": "historical", "family": "crescent", "families": [ "crescent" ], "year": 1947, "note": "Black flag with white crescent and star associated with the Sanusiyya and Emir Idris. Attested for postwar Cyrenaica; projecting this exact design back to the nineteenth century or 1919 lacks evidence.", "sources": [ "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/ly_cyren.html" ], "image": "flags/cyrenaica.gif", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/images/l/ly-cyr.gif", "imageCredit": "Ivan Sache / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html" }, { "id": "communered", "name": "Revolutionary red banner", "status": "historical", "family": "red", "families": [ "red" ], "year": 1848, "note": "The red banner became a socialist emblem in the 1848 revolutions and was used by the Paris Commune in 1871. Russian and later communist movements adopted this political colour tradition.", "sources": [ "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/fr_comm.html" ], "image": "flags/communered.gif", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/images/f/fr_comm.gif", "imageCredit": "Ivan Sache / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html", "dateLabel": "1848 · Paris Commune 1871" }, { "id": "abbasidblack", "name": "Abbasid black · dynastic colour", "status": "historical", "family": "arab", "families": [ "arab" ], "year": 750, "note": "Black was associated with the Abbasids and is recalled in Pan-Arab symbolism. The plain field is a schematic illustration of the dynastic colour.", "sources": [ "https://rhc.jo/en/the-hashemite-flags" ], "image": "flags/abbasidblack.gif", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/images/i/isl-uqaa.gif", "imageCredit": "Syed Junaid Imam / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html", "role": "symbol", "dateLabel": "From 750 · colour tradition" }, { "id": "umayyadwhite", "name": "Umayyad white · dynastic attribution", "status": "historical", "family": "arab", "families": [ "arab" ], "year": 661, "note": "Schematic illustration of the white assigned to the Umayyads in modern Pan-Arab interpretation.", "sources": [ "https://rhc.jo/en/the-hashemite-flags" ], "image": "flags/umayyadwhite.gif", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/images/i/isl-umma.gif", "imageCredit": "Syed Junaid Imam / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html", "role": "symbol", "dateLabel": "661–750 · later attribution" }, { "id": "fatimidgreen", "name": "Fatimid green · later attribution", "status": "historical", "family": "arab", "families": [ "arab" ], "year": 909, "note": "Modern Pan-Arab accounts assign green to the Fatimids; historical scholarship identifies their dynastic colour as white. This schematic illustrates the later attribution.", "sources": [ "https://rhc.jo/en/the-hashemite-flags", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan-Arab_colors" ], "image": "flags/fatimidgreen.gif", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/images/i/isl-fatm.gif", "imageCredit": "António Martins-Tuválkin / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html", "role": "symbol", "dateLabel": "Later Pan-Arab attribution" }, { "id": "hashemitered", "name": "Hashemite red · dynastic colour", "status": "historical", "family": "arab", "families": [ "arab" ], "year": 1515, "note": "The Royal Hashemite Court traces a dark-red banner to Sharif Abu Nami (1515–1520) and the initial Arab Revolt. The illustration represents the colour schematically.", "sources": [ "https://rhc.jo/en/the-hashemite-flags" ], "image": "flags/hashemitered.gif", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/images/f/fr_comm.gif", "imageCredit": "Ivan Sache / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html", "role": "symbol", "dateLabel": "1515–1520 · colour tradition" }, { "id": "arabclub", "name": "Arab Literature Club · reported flag", "status": "historical", "family": "arab", "families": [ "arab" ], "year": 1909, "note": "Reported white-black-green-red flag used in 1909–1911. The source explains its colours through Safi al-Din al-Hilli’s medieval poem about deeds, battles, fields and swords.", "sources": [ "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/xo-arabc.html" ], "image": "flags/arabclub.gif", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/images/x/xo-arab09.gif", "imageCredit": "Ivan Sache / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html", "role": "reconstruction" }, { "id": "youngarabs", "name": "Young Arab movement · reported flag", "status": "historical", "family": "arab", "families": [ "arab" ], "year": 1914, "note": "Reported green-white-black flag associated with the Young Arab movement and Ottoman Decentralization Party, preceding the Arab Revolt design.", "sources": [ "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/xo-arabc.html" ], "image": "flags/youngarabs.gif", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/images/x/xo-arab14.gif", "imageCredit": "Ivan Sache / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html", "role": "reconstruction" }, { "id": "malaya", "name": "Federation of Malaya · 1950", "status": "historical", "family": "nusantara", "families": [ "nusantara" ], "year": 1950, "note": "Eleven stripes and an eleven-pointed star represented the original federation. The design expanded to fourteen stripes and points when Malaysia formed in 1963. Proposed Majapahit ancestry remains uncertain.", "sources": [ "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/my1950.html" ], "image": "flags/malaya.gif", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/images/m/my1950.gif", "imageCredit": "Clay Moss / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html" }, { "id": "johor", "name": "Johor", "status": "subnational", "family": "nusantara", "families": [ "nusantara", "crescent" ], "year": 1871, "note": "Johor’s blue flag with a red crescent-and-star canton. A reported design influence on Mohamed Hamzah’s winning Malayan proposal.", "sources": [ "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/my-johor.html" ], "image": "flags/johor.gif", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/images/m/my-johor.gif", "imageCredit": "Image located by Hashimi / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html" }, { "id": "mw1964", "name": "Malawi · independence flag", "status": "historical", "family": "african", "image": "flags/mw.svg", "year": 1964, "note": "Original rising-sun flag, used from independence until the 2010 redesign. Restored in 2012.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Malawi" ], "families": [ "african" ], "imageSource": "https://flagpedia.net/download/api", "end": 2010 }, { "id": "libya1951", "name": "Libya · independence flag", "status": "historical", "family": "arab", "image": "flags/ly.svg", "year": 1951, "note": "Independence design combining Cyrenaica’s black crescent-and-star flag with red and green. Restored in 2011.", "sources": [ "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/ly_1951.html" ], "families": [ "arab" ], "imageSource": "https://flagpedia.net/download/api", "end": 1969 }, { "id": "libya1969", "name": "Libya · Arab Republic", "year": 1969, "end": 1972, "status": "historical", "family": "arab", "families": [ "arab" ], "image": "flags/liberation.gif", "note": "Plain red-white-black flag introduced after the 1969 overthrow of the monarchy.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Libya" ], "page": "Arab_Liberation_Flag", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/xo-arabc.html", "imageCredit": "Santiago Dotor / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html" }, { "id": "germany1848", "name": "Germany · 1848 tricolour", "year": 1848, "end": 1866, "status": "historical", "family": "french", "families": [ "french" ], "image": "flags/weimar.gif", "note": "Black-red-gold of the liberal national movement, officially adopted in 1848. Accounts of the colours emphasize student associations and the Lützow volunteers.", "sources": [ "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/de1848.html" ], "page": "Flag_of_Germany", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/de1919.html", "imageCredit": "M. Schmöger / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html" }, { "id": "us-al", "name": "Alabama", "year": 1895, "note": "A crimson Saint Andrew’s cross on white, adopted in 1895. A Confederate origin is debated.", "status": "related", "family": "us-states", "families": [ "us-states", "iberian" ], "image": "flags/us-al.gif", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/us-al.html", "imageCredit": "image by Joe McMillan , 23 February 2000 / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html", "sources": [ "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/us-al.html" ] }, { "id": "us-ar", "name": "Arkansas", "year": 1924, "note": "The diamond recalls Arkansas’s diamond deposits; 25 border stars mark statehood order, while an interior star commemorates the Confederacy.", "status": "related", "family": "us-states", "families": [ "us-states" ], "image": "flags/us-ar.gif", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/us-ar.html", "imageCredit": "image by Zachary Harden , 31 July 2018 / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html", "sources": [ "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/us-ar.html" ] }, { "id": "us-ct", "name": "Connecticut", "year": 1897, "note": "The three grapevines and motto derive from the colonial seal tradition.", "status": "related", "family": "us-states", "families": [ "us-states" ], "image": "flags/us-ct.gif", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/us-ct.html", "imageCredit": "image by Clay Moss , 1 February 2009 / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html", "sources": [ "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/us-ct.html" ] }, { "id": "us-de", "name": "Delaware", "year": 1913, "note": "The state arms stand inside a buff diamond; the date records ratification of the United States Constitution.", "status": "related", "family": "us-states", "families": [ "us-states" ], "image": "flags/us-de.gif", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/us-de.html", "imageCredit": "image by Clay Moss , 19 February 2009 / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html", "sources": [ "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/us-de.html" ] }, { "id": "us-fl", "name": "Florida", "year": 1985, "note": "The red saltire was added in 1900; the central state seal was corrected in 1985.", "status": "related", "family": "us-states", "families": [ "us-states", "iberian" ], "image": "flags/us-fl.gif", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/us-fl.html", "imageCredit": "image by Clay Moss , 28 January 2009 / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html", "sources": [ "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/us-fl.html" ] }, { "id": "us-ga", "name": "Georgia", "year": 2003, "note": "The three stripes and star-ringed canton recall the Confederate first national flag; the canton contains Georgia’s arms and motto.", "status": "related", "family": "us-states", "families": [ "us-states" ], "image": "flags/us-ga.gif", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/us-ga.html", "imageCredit": "image by Clay Moss , 13 December 2014 / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html", "sources": [ "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/us-ga.html" ] }, { "id": "us-id", "name": "Idaho", "year": 1907, "note": "The state seal and name appear on blue, continuing the military-colour pattern used by many states.", "status": "related", "family": "us-states", "families": [ "us-states" ], "image": "flags/us-id.gif", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/us-id.html", "imageCredit": "image by Clay Moss , 29 January 2009 / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html", "sources": [ "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/us-id.html" ] }, { "id": "us-il", "name": "Illinois", "year": 1970, "note": "The 1915 white flag with the state seal was revised in 1970 to include the state’s name.", "status": "related", "family": "us-states", "families": [ "us-states" ], "image": "flags/us-il.gif", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/us-il.html", "imageCredit": "image by Clay Moss , 14 March 2009 / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html", "sources": [ "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/us-il.html" ] }, { "id": "us-in", "name": "Indiana", "year": 1917, "note": "Paul Hadley’s torch represents liberty and enlightenment; nineteen stars mark Indiana’s admission order.", "status": "related", "family": "us-states", "families": [ "us-states" ], "image": "flags/us-in.gif", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/us-in.html", "imageCredit": "image by Clay Moss , 24 October 2007 / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html", "sources": [ "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/us-in.html" ] }, { "id": "us-ia", "name": "Iowa", "year": 1921, "note": "Dixie Cornell Gebhardt’s blue-white-red tricolour recalls the territory’s French history; an eagle carries the state motto.", "status": "related", "family": "us-states", "families": [ "us-states" ], "image": "flags/us-ia.gif", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/us-ia.html", "imageCredit": "image by Mario Fabretto , 24 February 1998 / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html", "sources": [ "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/us-ia.html" ] }, { "id": "us-ks", "name": "Kansas", "year": 1961, "note": "The state seal and sunflower crest appear on blue; the name Kansas was added in 1961.", "status": "related", "family": "us-states", "families": [ "us-states" ], "image": "flags/us-ks.gif", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/us-ks.html", "imageCredit": "image by Clay Moss , 30 January 2009 / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html", "sources": [ "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/us-ks.html" ] }, { "id": "us-ky", "name": "Kentucky", "year": 1918, "note": "The seal shows two figures clasping hands under the state name and above goldenrod sprigs.", "status": "related", "family": "us-states", "families": [ "us-states" ], "image": "flags/us-ky.gif", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/us-ky.html", "imageCredit": "image by Clay Moss , 2 February 2009 / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html", "sources": [ "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/us-ky.html" ] }, { "id": "us-la", "name": "Louisiana", "year": 2010, "note": "The pelican feeding its young is an old state emblem. The current artwork restores three drops of blood required by the 2006 law.", "status": "related", "family": "us-states", "families": [ "us-states" ], "image": "flags/us-la.gif", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/us-la.html", "imageCredit": "image by Clay Moss , 9 December 2011 / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html", "sources": [ "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/us-la.html" ] }, { "id": "us-me", "name": "Maine", "year": 1909, "note": "The state arms on blue replaced the 1901 pine-tree-and-star flag.", "status": "related", "family": "us-states", "families": [ "us-states" ], "image": "flags/us-me.gif", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/us-me.html", "imageCredit": "image by Dave Martucci , 6 September 1996 / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html", "sources": [ "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/us-me.html" ] }, { "id": "us-ma", "name": "Massachusetts", "year": 1971, "note": "The state arms appear on white; since 1971 the same design appears on both sides.", "status": "related", "family": "us-states", "families": [ "us-states" ], "image": "flags/us-ma.gif", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/us-ma.html", "imageCredit": "image by Mario Fabretto , 24 February 1998 / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html", "sources": [ "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/us-ma.html" ] }, { "id": "us-mi", "name": "Michigan", "year": 1911, "note": "The blue flag carries the state arms, with elk and moose supporters and the motto about seeking a pleasant peninsula.", "status": "related", "family": "us-states", "families": [ "us-states" ], "image": "flags/us-mi.gif", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/us-mi.html", "imageCredit": "image by Clay Moss , 8 February 2009 / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html", "sources": [ "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/us-mi.html" ] }, { "id": "us-mn", "name": "Minnesota", "year": 2024, "note": "A North Star and a dark-blue shape suggesting Minnesota meet a light-blue field. This replaced the seal flag in May 2024.", "status": "related", "family": "us-states", "families": [ "us-states" ], "image": "flags/us-mn.gif", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/us-mn.html", "imageCredit": "image by Tomislav Todorovic , 31 December 2023 / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html", "sources": [ "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/us-mn.html" ] }, { "id": "us-mo", "name": "Missouri", "year": 1913, "note": "Missouri has retained Marie Elizabeth Watkins Oliver’s 1913 design: American colours, the state arms, and 24 stars. The historical original and modern illustrations represent the same principal design.", "status": "related", "family": "us-states", "families": [ "us-states" ], "image": "flags/us-mo.gif", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/us-mo.html", "imageCredit": "image by Clay Moss , 24 October 2007 / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html", "sources": [ "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/us-mo.html", "https://www.sos.mo.gov/symbol/flag" ] }, { "id": "us-mt", "name": "Montana", "year": 1981, "note": "The state seal appears on blue; Montana was added above it in 1981.", "status": "related", "family": "us-states", "families": [ "us-states" ], "image": "flags/us-mt.gif", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/us-mt.html", "imageCredit": "image by Clay Moss , 4 November 2014 / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html", "sources": [ "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/us-mt.html" ] }, { "id": "us-ne", "name": "Nebraska", "year": 1925, "note": "The state seal appears in gold and silver on a blue field; the 1925 banner was designated a flag in 1963.", "status": "related", "family": "us-states", "families": [ "us-states" ], "image": "flags/us-ne.gif", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/us-ne.html", "imageCredit": "image by Clay Moss , 4 February 2008 / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html", "sources": [ "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/us-ne.html" ] }, { "id": "us-nv", "name": "Nevada", "year": 1991, "note": "The silver star, sagebrush and Battle Born scroll occupy the canton. The name’s placement was revised in 1991.", "status": "related", "family": "us-states", "families": [ "us-states" ], "image": "flags/us-nv.gif", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/us-nv.html", "imageCredit": "image by Clay Moss , 28 March 2009 / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html", "sources": [ "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/us-nv.html" ] }, { "id": "us-nh", "name": "New Hampshire", "year": 1931, "note": "The state seal with the frigate Raleigh is surrounded by laurel and nine stars; the seal was revised in 1931.", "status": "related", "family": "us-states", "families": [ "us-states" ], "image": "flags/us-nh.gif", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/us-nh.html", "imageCredit": "image by Clay Moss , 4 February 2009 / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html", "sources": [ "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/us-nh.html" ] }, { "id": "us-nj", "name": "New Jersey", "year": 1896, "note": "The state arms appear on buff. The colours recall New Jersey’s Revolutionary-era military uniform tradition.", "status": "related", "family": "us-states", "families": [ "us-states" ], "image": "flags/us-nj.gif", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/us-nj.html", "imageCredit": "image by Clay Moss , 22 February 2009 / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html", "sources": [ "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/us-nj.html" ] }, { "id": "us-ny", "name": "New York", "year": 1901, "note": "The state arms appear on blue; E Pluribus Unum was added beneath Excelsior in 2020.", "status": "related", "family": "us-states", "families": [ "us-states" ], "image": "flags/us-ny.gif", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/us-ny.html", "imageCredit": "image by Jean-Marc Merklin , 18 January 2025 / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html", "sources": [ "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/us-ny.html" ], "dateLabel": "Design from 1901" }, { "id": "us-nc", "name": "North Carolina", "year": 1885, "note": "The 1885 revision exchanged the 1861 flag’s red and blue fields and replaced the secession date with the Halifax Resolves date.", "status": "related", "family": "us-states", "families": [ "us-states" ], "image": "flags/us-nc.gif", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/us-nc.html", "imageCredit": "image by Blas Delgado Ortiz and António Martins-Tuválkin , 27 January 2002 / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html", "sources": [ "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/us-nc.html" ] }, { "id": "us-nd", "name": "North Dakota", "year": 1911, "note": "The design follows the North Dakota infantry regimental colour used in the Spanish-American War, adding the state name.", "status": "related", "family": "us-states", "families": [ "us-states" ], "image": "flags/us-nd.gif", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/us-nd.html", "imageCredit": "image by Zachary Harden , 26 May 2016 / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html", "sources": [ "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/us-nd.html" ] }, { "id": "us-ok", "name": "Oklahoma", "year": 1941, "note": "An Osage buffalo-hide shield is crossed by a peace pipe and olive branch. The state name was added in 1941.", "status": "related", "family": "us-states", "families": [ "us-states" ], "image": "flags/us-ok.gif", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/us-ok.html", "imageCredit": "image by Charlotte Zakharian Jones , 18 November 2005 / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html", "sources": [ "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/us-ok.html" ] }, { "id": "us-or", "name": "Oregon", "year": 1925, "note": "The obverse carries the state seal, name and admission year; the reverse uniquely shows a beaver.", "status": "related", "family": "us-states", "families": [ "us-states" ], "image": "flags/us-or.gif", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/us-or.html", "imageCredit": "image by Clay Moss , 16 March 2009 / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html", "sources": [ "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/us-or.html" ] }, { "id": "us-pa", "name": "Pennsylvania", "year": 1907, "note": "The state coat of arms appears on a blue field, standardized in 1907.", "status": "related", "family": "us-states", "families": [ "us-states" ], "image": "flags/us-pa.gif", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/us-pa.html", "imageCredit": "image by Clay Moss , 11 March 2009 / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html", "sources": [ "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/us-pa.html" ] }, { "id": "us-ri", "name": "Rhode Island", "year": 1897, "note": "An anchor and Hope motto continue colonial symbolism; thirteen stars recall the original states.", "status": "related", "family": "us-states", "families": [ "us-states" ], "image": "flags/us-ri.gif", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/us-ri.html", "imageCredit": "image by Mario Fabretto , 24 February 1998 / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html", "sources": [ "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/us-ri.html" ] }, { "id": "us-sc", "name": "South Carolina", "year": 1861, "note": "The palmetto and crescent continue Revolutionary-era symbolism associated with the defence of Sullivan’s Island.", "status": "related", "family": "us-states", "families": [ "us-states" ], "image": "flags/us-sc.gif", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/us-sc.html", "imageCredit": "image by Mario Fabretto , 24 February 1998 / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html", "sources": [ "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/us-sc.html" ] }, { "id": "us-sd", "name": "South Dakota", "year": 1992, "note": "The seal sits inside the rays of the earlier sun flag; the inscription changed to The Mount Rushmore State in 1992.", "status": "related", "family": "us-states", "families": [ "us-states" ], "image": "flags/us-sd.gif", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/us-sd.html", "imageCredit": "image by Clay Moss , 16 February 2009 / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html", "sources": [ "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/us-sd.html" ] }, { "id": "us-ut", "name": "Utah", "year": 2024, "note": "A new beehive flag replaced the seal design in March 2024; the former flag retains official historic status.", "status": "related", "family": "us-states", "families": [ "us-states" ], "image": "flags/us-ut.gif", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/us-ut.html", "imageCredit": "image located by Dave Fowler , 11 November 2022 / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html", "sources": [ "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/us-ut.html" ] }, { "id": "us-vt", "name": "Vermont", "year": 1923, "note": "The state arms on blue replaced an earlier design resembling the United States flag.", "status": "related", "family": "us-states", "families": [ "us-states" ], "image": "flags/us-vt.gif", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/us-vt.html", "imageCredit": "image by Clay Moss , 11 February 2009 / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html", "sources": [ "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/us-vt.html" ] }, { "id": "us-va", "name": "Virginia", "year": 1861, "note": "The state seal depicts Virtue over fallen Tyranny, continuing imagery developed during the Revolution.", "status": "related", "family": "us-states", "families": [ "us-states" ], "image": "flags/us-va.gif", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/us-va.html", "imageCredit": "image by Mario Fabretto , 24 February 1998 / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html", "sources": [ "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/us-va.html" ] }, { "id": "us-wa", "name": "Washington", "year": 1923, "note": "The green field carries the state seal with George Washington’s portrait; the seal’s appearance was standardized in 1967.", "status": "related", "family": "us-states", "families": [ "us-states" ], "image": "flags/us-wa.gif", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/us-wa.html", "imageCredit": "image located by António Martins-Tuválkin , 4 April 2018 / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html", "sources": [ "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/us-wa.html" ] }, { "id": "us-wv", "name": "West Virginia", "year": 1929, "note": "The state arms and rhododendron wreath appear on white with a blue border.", "status": "related", "family": "us-states", "families": [ "us-states" ], "image": "flags/us-wv.gif", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/us-wv.html", "imageCredit": "image by Mario Fabretto , 24 February 1998 / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html", "sources": [ "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/us-wv.html" ] }, { "id": "us-wi", "name": "Wisconsin", "year": 1981, "note": "The arms on blue were supplemented by the state name and 1848; the 1979 amendment took full effect in 1981.", "status": "related", "family": "us-states", "families": [ "us-states" ], "image": "flags/us-wi.gif", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/us-wi.html", "imageCredit": "image by Clay Moss , 28 February 2009 / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html", "sources": [ "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/us-wi.html" ] }, { "id": "us-wy", "name": "Wyoming", "year": 1917, "note": "Verna Keays’s design places the state seal on a white bison inside a blue field with white and red borders.", "status": "related", "family": "us-states", "families": [ "us-states" ], "image": "flags/us-wy.gif", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/us-wy.html", "imageCredit": "image by Clay Moss , 23 February 2009 / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html", "sources": [ "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/us-wy.html" ] }, { "id": "ca-ab", "name": "Alberta", "year": 1968, "note": "The provincial shield appears on blue: Saint George’s cross above mountains, prairie and wheat.", "status": "related", "family": "canada-provinces", "families": [ "canada-provinces" ], "image": "flags/ca-ab.gif", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/ca-ab.html", "imageCredit": "image by Clay Moss , 16 August 2009 / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html", "sources": [ "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/ca-ab.html" ] }, { "id": "ca-nb", "name": "New Brunswick", "year": 1965, "note": "A banner of the provincial arms combines a lion with a ship, recalling heraldic and maritime traditions.", "status": "related", "family": "canada-provinces", "families": [ "canada-provinces" ], "image": "flags/ca-nb.gif", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/ca-nb.html", "imageCredit": "image by Clay Moss, 15 August 2009 / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html", "sources": [ "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/ca-nb.html" ] }, { "id": "ca-nl", "name": "Newfoundland and Labrador", "year": 1980, "note": "Christopher Pratt’s flag uses blue triangles that recall the Union flag, with white, red and gold forms expressing the province’s identity.", "status": "related", "family": "canada-provinces", "families": [ "canada-provinces" ], "image": "flags/ca-nl.gif", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/ca-nl.html", "imageCredit": "image by Clay Moss, 19 August 2009 / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html", "sources": [ "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/ca-nl.html" ] }, { "id": "ca-nt", "name": "Northwest Territories", "year": 1969, "note": "Robert Bessant’s blue-white-blue design places the territorial shield on a broad central Canadian pale.", "status": "related", "family": "canada-provinces", "families": [ "canada-provinces" ], "image": "flags/ca-nt.gif", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/ca-nt.html", "imageCredit": "image by Clay Moss, 14 August 2009 / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html", "sources": [ "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/ca-nt.html" ] }, { "id": "ca-nu", "name": "Nunavut", "year": 1999, "note": "A red inuksuk and blue North Star express Inuit navigation and guidance; the flag was introduced with the territory in 1999.", "status": "related", "family": "canada-provinces", "families": [ "canada-provinces" ], "image": "flags/ca-nu.gif", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/ca-nu.html", "imageCredit": "image by Arnaud Leroy, 1 April 1999 / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html", "sources": [ "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/ca-nu.html" ] }, { "id": "ca-pe", "name": "Prince Edward Island", "year": 1964, "note": "A banner of the provincial arms shows the royal lion and trees symbolizing the island and its three counties.", "status": "related", "family": "canada-provinces", "families": [ "canada-provinces" ], "image": "flags/ca-pe.gif", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/ca-pe.html", "imageCredit": "image by Clay Moss, 20 August 2009 / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html", "sources": [ "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/ca-pe.html" ] }, { "id": "ca-sk", "name": "Saskatchewan", "year": 1969, "note": "Green and gold evoke forest and grain fields; the shield and western red lily add provincial emblems.", "status": "related", "family": "canada-provinces", "families": [ "canada-provinces" ], "image": "flags/ca-sk.gif", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/ca-sk.html", "imageCredit": "image by Clay Moss, 22 August 2009 / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html", "sources": [ "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/ca-sk.html" ] }, { "id": "ca-yt", "name": "Yukon", "year": 1967, "note": "Lynn Lambert’s green-white-blue flag carries the territorial arms above fireweed.", "status": "related", "family": "canada-provinces", "families": [ "canada-provinces" ], "image": "flags/ca-yt.gif", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/ca-yt.html", "imageCredit": "image by Clay Moss, 22 August 2009 / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html", "sources": [ "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/ca-yt.html" ] }, { "id": "de-bw", "name": "Baden-Württemberg", "year": 1954, "note": "The official flag places the state arms on black and gold. Its shield assembles the heraldic traditions of the merged territories.", "status": "related", "family": "german-states", "families": [ "german-states" ], "image": "flags/de-bw.gif", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/de-bw.html", "imageCredit": "M. Schmöger / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html", "sources": [ "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/de-bw.html" ] }, { "id": "de-be", "name": "Berlin", "year": 1954, "note": "A black bear appears on white between red stripes, continuing the city’s heraldic emblem.", "status": "related", "family": "german-states", "families": [ "german-states" ], "image": "flags/de-be.gif", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/de-be.html", "imageCredit": "M. Schmöger / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html", "sources": [ "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/de-be.html" ] }, { "id": "de-bb", "name": "Brandenburg", "year": 1991, "note": "The red eagle of Brandenburg appears on the red-white state flag, reviving historic regional heraldry.", "status": "related", "family": "german-states", "families": [ "german-states" ], "image": "flags/de-bb.gif", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/de-br.html", "imageCredit": "M. Schmöger / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html", "sources": [ "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/de-br.html" ] }, { "id": "de-hb", "name": "Bremen", "year": 1891, "note": "The striped and checked red-white flag belongs to the Hanseatic colour tradition; this is the civil variant without arms.", "status": "related", "family": "german-states", "families": [ "german-states" ], "image": "flags/de-hb.gif", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/de-hb.html", "imageCredit": "M. Schmöger / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html", "sources": [ "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/de-hb.html" ] }, { "id": "de-hh", "name": "Hamburg", "year": 1952, "note": "The white castle on red develops the city’s medieval seal and Hanseatic colours. Readopted in 1952; the flag tradition is earlier.", "status": "related", "family": "german-states", "families": [ "german-states" ], "image": "flags/de-hh.gif", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/de-hh.html", "imageCredit": "M. Schmöger / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html", "sources": [ "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/de-hh.html" ] }, { "id": "de-he", "name": "Hesse", "year": 1948, "note": "The red-white striped lion in the state arms continues the heraldic tradition shared with medieval Thuringia.", "status": "related", "family": "german-states", "families": [ "german-states" ], "image": "flags/de-he.gif", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/de-he.html", "imageCredit": "M. Schmöger / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html", "sources": [ "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/de-he.html" ] }, { "id": "de-mv", "name": "Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania", "year": 1991, "note": "The official flag combines Mecklenburg’s bull and Pomerania’s griffin with colours associated with the component territories.", "status": "related", "family": "german-states", "families": [ "german-states" ], "image": "flags/de-mv.gif", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/de-mv.html", "imageCredit": "M. Schmöger / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html", "sources": [ "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/de-mv.html" ] }, { "id": "de-ni", "name": "Lower Saxony", "year": 1951, "note": "The white Saxon horse is placed on the German black-red-gold tricolour.", "status": "related", "family": "german-states", "families": [ "german-states" ], "image": "flags/de-ni.gif", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/de-ni.html", "imageCredit": "M. Schmöger / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html", "sources": [ "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/de-ni.html" ] }, { "id": "de-nw", "name": "North Rhine-Westphalia", "year": 1953, "note": "The official flag combines Rhine, Westphalian horse and Lippe rose arms over green, white and red.", "status": "related", "family": "german-states", "families": [ "german-states" ], "image": "flags/de-nw.gif", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/de-nw.html", "imageCredit": "M. Schmöger / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html", "sources": [ "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/de-nw.html" ] }, { "id": "de-rp", "name": "Rhineland-Palatinate", "year": 1947, "note": "Germany’s black-red-gold carries a shield with Trier’s cross, Mainz’s wheel and the Palatinate lion.", "status": "related", "family": "german-states", "families": [ "german-states" ], "image": "flags/de-rp.gif", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/de-rp.html", "imageCredit": "M. Schmöger / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html", "sources": [ "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/de-rp.html" ] }, { "id": "de-sl", "name": "Saarland", "year": 1957, "note": "The German tricolour carries a shield combining the historic arms of territories within the Saarland.", "status": "related", "family": "german-states", "families": [ "german-states" ], "image": "flags/de-sl.gif", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/de-sa.html", "imageCredit": "M. Schmöger / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html", "sources": [ "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/de-sa.html" ] }, { "id": "de-sn", "name": "Saxony", "year": 1991, "note": "The official state flag adds Saxony’s black-gold shield and green crancelin to the white-green bicolour, whose colours date to 1815.", "status": "related", "family": "german-states", "families": [ "german-states" ], "image": "flags/de-sn.gif", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/de-sx.html", "imageCredit": "M. Schmöger / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html", "sources": [ "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/de-sx.html" ] }, { "id": "de-st", "name": "Saxony-Anhalt", "year": 1991, "note": "The yellow-black official flag carries a shield combining Saxon and Anhalt heraldry..", "status": "related", "family": "german-states", "families": [ "german-states" ], "image": "flags/de-st.gif", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/de-sy.html", "imageCredit": "M. Schmöger / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html", "sources": [ "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/de-sy.html" ] }, { "id": "de-sh", "name": "Schleswig-Holstein", "year": 1957, "note": "The official flag adds Schleswig’s lions and Holstein’s nettle leaf to the blue-white-red regional tricolour.", "status": "related", "family": "german-states", "families": [ "german-states" ], "image": "flags/de-sh.gif", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/de-sh.html", "imageCredit": "M. Schmöger / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html", "sources": [ "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/de-sh.html" ] }, { "id": "de-th", "name": "Thuringia", "year": 1991, "note": "The official state flag adds the striped lion and eight stars to a white-red bicolour.", "status": "related", "family": "german-states", "families": [ "german-states" ], "image": "flags/de-th.gif", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/de-th.html", "imageCredit": "M. Schmöger / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html", "sources": [ "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/de-th.html" ] }, { "id": "us-mn-1983", "name": "Minnesota · seal flag", "year": 1983, "end": 2024, "status": "historical", "family": "us-states", "families": [ "us-states", "american" ], "image": "flags/us-mn-1983.gif", "note": "The 1983 seal revision on medium blue preceded the North Star redesign of 2024.", "sources": [ "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/us-mn-h.html" ], "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/us-mn-h.html", "imageCredit": "Tomislav Todorovic, 5 October 2025 / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html" }, { "id": "us-ut-2011", "name": "Utah · seal flag", "year": 2011, "end": 2024, "status": "historical", "family": "us-states", "families": [ "us-states", "american" ], "image": "flags/us-ut-2011.gif", "note": "The corrected 2011 seal flag was replaced as the primary state flag in 2024 and retained as the historic state flag.", "sources": [ "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/us-ut.html" ], "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/us-ut.html", "imageCredit": "Pete Loeser, 9 April 2012 / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html" }, { "id": "us-la-1912", "name": "Louisiana · earlier pelican flag", "year": 1912, "end": 2010, "status": "historical", "family": "us-states", "families": [ "us-states", "american" ], "image": "flags/us-la-1912.gif", "note": "An earlier rendering of the pelican flag without the restored three blood drops; the state updated the artwork in 2010.", "sources": [ "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/us-la.html" ], "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/us-la.html", "imageCredit": "Clay Moss, 23 December 2006 / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html" }, { "id": "us-la-1861", "name": "Louisiana · 1861 flag", "year": 1861, "end": 1865, "status": "historical", "family": "us-states", "families": [ "us-states", "american" ], "image": "flags/us-la-1861.gif", "note": "Louisiana’s Confederate-era state flag adapted the American canton-and-thirteen-stripes layout using French colours and a red canton with a gold star.", "sources": [ "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/us-la.html" ], "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/us-la.html", "imageCredit": "António Martins-Tuválkin, 10 August 2007 / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html" }, { "id": "texasnavy1836", "name": "Texas · naval ensign", "year": 1836, "end": 1839, "status": "historical", "family": "us-states", "families": [ "us-states", "american" ], "image": "flags/texasnavy1836.gif", "note": "The Republic of Texas naval ensign adapted the U.S. flag’s thirteen stripes and blue canton, substituting a single white star.", "sources": [ "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/us-tx.html" ], "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/us-tx.html", "imageCredit": "Ivan Sarajčić and António Martins-Tuválkin, 21 June 2025 / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html" }, { "id": "confederatefirst", "name": "Confederacy · Stars and Bars", "year": 1861, "end": 1863, "status": "historical", "family": "us-states", "families": [ "us-states", "american" ], "image": "flags/confederatefirst.gif", "note": "The first Confederate national flag used a blue star canton and red-white-red bars. This seven-star version dates from 1861; later versions added stars. It is distinct from the saltire battle flag.", "sources": [ "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/us-csa1.html" ], "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/us-csa1.html", "imageCredit": "Clay Moss, 2 November 2007 / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html" }, { "id": "prussiancolours", "name": "Prussia · black and white", "year": 1701, "end": 1935, "status": "historical", "family": "french", "families": [ "german-states", "french" ], "image": "flags/prussiancolours.gif", "note": "The black-white civil flag represents Prussian heraldic livery colours, taken from the black eagle on white. Those colours helped form the later German black-white-red tricolour.", "sources": [ "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/de-pr701.html" ], "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/de-pr701.html", "imageCredit": "Jaume Ollé / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html" }, { "id": "kanu", "name": "Kenya African National Union", "status": "historical", "family": "african", "families": [ "african" ], "year": 1960, "note": "The black-red-green party palette preceded Kenya’s flag. Reports describe variants with rooster, shield and weapon emblems; the illustration represents the party design.", "sources": [ "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/ke}kanu.html" ], "image": "flags/kanu.gif", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/images/k/ke-kanu.gif", "imageCredit": "Jorge Candeias / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html", "role": "party" }, { "id": "kau", "name": "Kenya African Union", "status": "historical", "family": "african", "families": [ "african" ], "year": 1952, "note": "Predecessor organization of KANU, using a black-red-green flag with a shield and weapons.", "sources": [ "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/ke}kanu.html" ], "image": "flags/kau.gif", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/images/k/ke-kau.gif", "imageCredit": "Ivan Sache / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html", "role": "party" }, { "id": "mcp", "name": "Malawi Congress Party · plain triband", "status": "historical", "family": "african", "families": [ "african" ], "year": 1959, "note": "The party’s black-red-green triband underlies Malawi’s independence flag. This is the documented plain variant; other party versions include a rooster. The year marks the party’s formation.", "sources": [ "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/mw}mcp.html" ], "image": "flags/mcp.gif", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/images/m/mw}mcp1.gif", "imageCredit": "Jarig Bakker / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html", "role": "party" }, { "id": "mpla", "name": "MPLA · red-black flag", "status": "historical", "family": "african", "families": [ "african", "red" ], "year": 1964, "note": "Red over black with a central yellow star. This party design was the principal model for independent Angola’s flag.", "sources": [ "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/ao}mpla.html" ], "image": "flags/mpla.gif", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/images/a/ao}mpla.gif", "imageCredit": "António Martins / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html", "role": "party" }, { "id": "frelimo", "name": "FRELIMO · original flag", "status": "historical", "family": "african", "families": [ "african", "red" ], "year": 1962, "note": "The earlier striped FRELIMO flag, with white divisions and a red hoist triangle. The date marks the movement’s founding; this is distinct from later red party flags.", "sources": [ "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/mz}flm.html" ], "image": "flags/frelimo.gif", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/images/m/mz-flm75.gif", "imageCredit": "António Martins / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html", "role": "party" }, { "id": "swapo", "name": "SWAPO · liberation flag", "status": "historical", "family": "african", "families": [ "african" ], "year": 1971, "note": "Blue-red-green horizontal tricolour used by SWAPO during the liberation struggle; its colours contributed to Namibia’s national flag.", "sources": [ "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/na}.html" ], "image": "flags/swapo.gif", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/images/n/na}swapo.gif", "imageCredit": "Jorge Candeias and Tomislav Todorović / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html", "role": "party" }, { "id": "paigc", "name": "PAIGC", "status": "historical", "family": "african", "families": [ "african" ], "year": 1961, "note": "Shared liberation-party design behind Guinea-Bissau’s flag and Cape Verde’s original flag. The illustrated party version includes initials; forms and proportions vary.", "sources": [ "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/gw}paigc.html" ], "image": "flags/paigc.gif", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/images/g/gw}paigc.gif", "imageCredit": "Jorge Candeias / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html", "role": "party" }, { "id": "cv1975", "name": "Cape Verde · independence flag", "status": "historical", "family": "african", "families": [ "african", "red" ], "year": 1975, "note": "National flag used from independence in 1975 until replacement in 1992; shared PAIGC origins with Guinea-Bissau’s flag.", "sources": [ "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/cv_1975.html" ], "image": "flags/cv1975.gif", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/images/c/cv_1975.gif", "imageCredit": "Orange Tuesday and António Martins / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html" }, { "id": "gulfred", "name": "Gulf · maritime red tradition", "status": "historical", "family": "gulf", "families": [ "gulf" ], "year": 1800, "note": "Plain red flags preceded the differentiated flags of several Gulf coastal states. A historical Bahrain flag illustrates this regional colour tradition.", "sources": [ "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/bh_hist.html", "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/qa_his.html", "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/ae1820tr.html" ], "image": "flags/gulfred.gif", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/images/b/bh_red.gif", "imageCredit": "Santiago Dotor / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html", "role": "symbol", "dateLabel": "Before 1820 · regional tradition" }, { "id": "syria1932", "name": "Syria · independence flag", "status": "historical", "family": "arab", "image": "flags/sy.svg", "year": 1932, "note": "Green-white-black independence design with three red stars, also restored in 1961–1963. The current flag revives this tradition.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Syria" ], "families": [ "arab" ], "imageSource": "https://flagpedia.net/download/api", "end": 1958 }, { "id": "benin1975", "name": "Benin · People’s Republic", "status": "historical", "family": "red", "families": [ "red", "african" ], "image": "flags/benin1975.gif", "year": 1975, "end": 1990, "note": "Green with a revolutionary red star, used under the People’s Republic. The independence flag returned in 1990.", "sources": [ "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/bj-prb.html" ], "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/images/b/bj-1975.gif", "imageCredit": "Željko Heimer (2001) / FOTW Flags Of The World", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html" }, { "id": "congo1970", "name": "Congo · People’s Republic", "status": "historical", "family": "red", "families": [ "red", "african" ], "image": "flags/congo1970.gif", "year": 1970, "end": 1991, "note": "Red socialist flag with the party-inspired emblem. Adopted at the end of 1969 and used from January 1970.", "sources": [ "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/cg_prc.html" ], "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/images/c/cg-1969.gif", "imageCredit": "Željko Heimer (2001) / FOTW Flags Of The World", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html" }, { "id": "rsfsr1918", "name": "Russian SFSR · 1918", "status": "historical", "family": "red", "families": [ "red" ], "image": "flags/rsfsr1918.gif", "year": 1918, "end": 1937, "note": "Early Russian Soviet flag with ornamental Cyrillic initials, approved in May 1918.", "sources": [ "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/su-ru_h.html" ], "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/images/s/su-ru18b.gif", "imageCredit": "António Martins (2002) / FOTW Flags Of The World", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html" }, { "id": "rsfsr1954", "name": "Russian SFSR · 1954", "status": "historical", "family": "red", "families": [ "red" ], "image": "flags/rsfsr1954.gif", "year": 1954, "end": 1991, "note": "Soviet red, hammer and sickle, with a blue hoist stripe identifying the Russian republic.", "sources": [ "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/su-ru.html" ], "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/images/s/su-ru.gif", "imageCredit": "António Martins (2003) / FOTW Flags Of The World", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html" }, { "id": "vietcong", "name": "NLF / Republic of South Vietnam", "status": "historical", "family": "red", "families": [ "red" ], "image": "flags/vietcong.gif", "year": 1960, "end": 1976, "note": "Red-blue revolutionary flag used by the National Liberation Front and the Provisional Revolutionary Government of South Vietnam. Designs varied; the illustrated version is associated with the 1969 government.", "sources": [ "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/vn-vcong.html" ], "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/images/v/vn-cong.gif", "imageCredit": "Jaume Ollé / FOTW Flags Of The World", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html" }, { "id": "bj1959", "name": "Benin · independence flag", "status": "historical", "family": "african", "image": "flags/bj.svg", "year": 1959, "note": "Independence design, later restored after the socialist period.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Benin" ], "families": [ "african" ], "imageSource": "https://flagpedia.net/download/api", "end": 1975 }, { "id": "cg1959", "name": "Republic of the Congo · independence flag", "status": "historical", "family": "african", "image": "flags/cg.svg", "year": 1959, "note": "Independence design, later restored after the socialist period.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo" ], "families": [ "african" ], "imageSource": "https://flagpedia.net/download/api", "end": 1970 }, { "id": "carillon-1902", "name": "Quebec · Carillon", "year": 1902, "end": 1948, "family": "french-royal", "families": [ "french-royal", "canada-provinces" ], "status": "historical", "note": "Elphège Filiatrault’s Carillon flag placed four fleurs-de-lis pointing towards a white cross on blue. The 1948 flag straightened the fleurs-de-lis.", "sources": [ "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/ca-qc!02.html" ], "image": "flags/carillon-1902.gif", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/ca-qc!02.html", "imageCredit": "Olivier Touzeau, 7 June 2020 / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html" }, { "id": "yugoslavia-kingdom", "name": "Kingdom of Yugoslavia", "year": 1918, "end": 1941, "family": "slavic", "families": [ "slavic" ], "status": "historical", "note": "Blue-white-red national tricolour of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, renamed Yugoslavia in 1929. The uncharged national form is shown.", "sources": [ "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/yu_shs.html" ], "image": "flags/yugoslavia-kingdom.gif", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/yu_shs.html", "imageCredit": "Željko Heimer, 16 November 2003 / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html" }, { "id": "kazakh-ssr", "name": "Kazakh SSR", "year": 1953, "end": 1992, "family": "turkic", "families": [ "turkic", "red" ], "status": "historical", "note": "Late Soviet republican flag, retained briefly after independence before the 1992 redesign.", "sources": [ "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/su-kz.html" ], "image": "flags/kazakh-ssr.gif", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/su-kz.html", "imageCredit": "António Martins, 30 October 2002 / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html" }, { "id": "kyrgyz-ssr", "name": "Kirghiz SSR", "year": 1952, "end": 1992, "family": "turkic", "families": [ "turkic", "red" ], "status": "historical", "note": "Late Soviet republican flag, replaced by the sun-and-tunduk design in 1992.", "sources": [ "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/su-kg.html" ], "image": "flags/kyrgyz-ssr.gif", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/su-kg.html", "imageCredit": "Željko Heimer, 6 May 2000 / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html" }, { "id": "uzbek-ssr", "name": "Uzbek SSR", "year": 1952, "end": 1991, "family": "turkic", "families": [ "turkic", "red" ], "status": "historical", "note": "Late Soviet republican flag, replaced by independent Uzbekistan’s tricolour.", "sources": [ "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/su-uz.html" ], "image": "flags/uzbek-ssr.gif", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/su-uz.html", "imageCredit": "António Martins, 28 October 2002 / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html" }, { "id": "turkmen-ssr", "name": "Turkmen SSR", "year": 1953, "end": 1992, "family": "turkic", "families": [ "turkic", "red" ], "status": "historical", "note": "Late Soviet republican flag, replaced by Turkmenistan’s green carpet-emblem design.", "sources": [ "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/su-tm.html" ], "image": "flags/turkmen-ssr.gif", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/su-tm.html", "imageCredit": "António Martins, 28 December 2002 / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html" }, { "id": "tajik-ssr", "name": "Tajik SSR", "year": 1953, "end": 1991, "family": "persian", "families": [ "persian", "red", "turkic" ], "status": "historical", "note": "The white and green bands carried agricultural meanings. Independent Tajikistan retained these colours in its new arrangement.", "sources": [ "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/su-tj.html" ], "image": "flags/tajik-ssr.gif", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/su-tj.html", "imageCredit": "Željko Heimer, 17 April 1996 / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html" }, { "id": "burgundy-cross", "name": "Cross of Burgundy", "year": 1506, "end": null, "family": "iberian", "families": [ "iberian" ], "status": "historical", "note": "Ragged red saltire associated with the Burgundian dynasty and Spanish military flags from the sixteenth century. The white-field form is shown.", "sources": [ "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/es_brgdy.html" ], "image": "flags/burgundy-cross.gif", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/es_brgdy.html", "imageCredit": "Sergio Camero; GIF by Santiago Dotor / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html" }, { "id": "french-civil-ensign", "name": "France · blue cross ensign", "year": 1600, "end": 1765, "family": "french-royal", "families": [ "french-royal" ], "status": "historical", "note": "Pre-revolutionary French civil ensign: a white cross on blue. Several related forms coexisted; the date indicates an approximate period.", "sources": [ "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/fr~mon.html" ], "image": "flags/french-civil-ensign.gif", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/fr~mon.html", "imageCredit": "Pierre Gay, 29 September 1998 / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html", "dateLabel": "17th–18th centuries" }, { "id": "east-turkestan", "name": "East Turkestan · Kök Bayraq", "year": 1933, "end": null, "family": "turkic", "families": [ "turkic", "crescent" ], "status": "related", "note": "Blue crescent-and-star flag used by the modern East Turkestan movement. Its precise use by the 1933 republic is disputed; early coin depictions show other forms.", "sources": [ "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/cn-islam.html" ], "image": "flags/east-turkestan.gif", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/cn-islam.html", "imageCredit": "Željko Heimer and António Martins-Tuválkin, 9 December 2007 / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html", "dateLabel": "Modern use · origins debated" }, { "id": "muslim-league", "name": "All-India Muslim League", "year": 1906, "end": 1947, "family": "crescent", "families": [ "crescent" ], "status": "historical", "note": "Green crescent-and-star movement flag, retained by later Muslim League parties. Pakistan’s national flag added a white hoist band.", "sources": [ "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/pk%7D.html" ], "image": "flags/muslim-league.gif", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/pk%7D.html", "imageCredit": "FOTW contributors; page text by Glen Robert-Grant Hodgins, 19 May 1998; image author unspecified / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html", "dateLabel": "Early 20th century" }, { "id": "french-white", "name": "France · royal white ensign", "year": 1638, "end": 1790, "family": "french-royal", "families": [ "french-royal" ], "status": "historical", "note": "Plain white naval ensign of the Bourbon monarchy. Royal white also contributed to the revolutionary tricolour.", "sources": [ "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/fr~mon.html" ], "image": "flags/frenchroyal.gif", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/fr_rest.html", "imageCredit": "Ivan Sache / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html" }, { "id": "slovak1868", "name": "Slovak plain tricolour", "status": "historical", "family": "slavic", "image": "flags/ru.svg", "year": 1868, "note": "White-blue-red became the established order after earlier Slovak red-white and pan-Slavic variants of 1848. European revolutionary tricolours provided a wider political context; the cited national histories document local heraldic and Pan-Slavic colour sources.", "sources": [ "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/sk.html" ], "families": [ "slavic", "french" ], "imageSource": "https://flagpedia.net/download/api", "end": 1992 }, { "id": "liberty1917", "name": "Liberty League · 1917", "year": 1917, "end": null, "family": "african", "families": [ "african" ], "status": "historical", "role": "Schematic reconstruction", "image": "flags/liberty1917-diagram.svg", "note": "Hubert Harrison described black, brown and yellow in vertical stripes. This schematic shows that documented arrangement; original proportions and precise shades are unknown.", "sources": [ "https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/abs/10.1086/709374", "https://www.counterpunch.org/2017/06/13/100th-anniversary-of-hubert-harrisons-founding-of-the-first-organization-of-the-militant-new-negro-movement/" ], "dateLabel": "1917 · reconstruction", "imageCredit": "Atlas schematic from the cited written description. Proportions, shades and lettering are illustrative.", "imageSource": "https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/abs/10.1086/709374" }, { "id": "mexico-guarantees", "name": "Army of the Three Guarantees", "year": 1821, "end": 1821, "family": "french", "families": [ "french" ], "status": "historical", "note": "Mexican army flag with the three national colours in diagonal bands. A crowned regimental example is shown.", "sources": [ "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/mx-tri.html" ], "image": "flags/mexico-guarantees.gif", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/mx-tri.html", "imageCredit": "Juan Manuel Gabino Villascán, 19 February 2002 / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html" }, { "id": "serbian-tricolour", "name": "Serbian plain tricolour", "year": 1838, "end": null, "family": "slavic", "families": [ "slavic" ], "status": "historical", "note": "Red-blue-white national colours, established in the nineteenth century. The plain civil form is shown; it predates Yugoslavia.", "sources": [ "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/rs.html" ], "image": "flags/serbian-tricolour.gif", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/rs.html", "imageCredit": "Zoltan Horvath, 25 September 2024 / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html", "dateLabel": "Colours from 1838" }, { "id": "slovene1848", "name": "Slovene tricolour · 1848", "year": 1848, "end": null, "family": "slavic", "families": [ "slavic", "french" ], "status": "historical", "note": "The Slovene tricolour adopted in 1848 takes white, blue and red from the arms of Carniola. It emerged amid European revolutions and the Pan-Slavic movement.", "sources": [ "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/si.html", "https://www.gov.si/en/news/2022-04-07-slovenian-flag-day/" ], "image": "flags/slovene1848.gif", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/si.html", "imageCredit": "Željko Heimer, 17 September 2002; FOTW", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html", "dateLabel": "National colours · 1848" }, { "id": "nc1861", "name": "North Carolina · 1861", "year": 1861, "end": 1885, "family": "us-states", "families": [ "us-states" ], "status": "historical", "note": "The 1861 state flag used a red hoist and blue-over-white fly, with dates and a star. The 1885 design exchanged the red and blue areas and changed the inscriptions.", "sources": [ "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/us-nc.html" ], "image": "flags/nc1861.gif", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/us-nc.html", "imageCredit": "Zachary Harden and António Martins-Tuválkin, 2016–2017; FOTW", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html" }, { "id": "bohemia1918", "name": "Bohemia / Czechoslovakia", "year": 1918, "end": 1920, "family": "slavic", "families": [ "slavic" ], "status": "historical", "note": "White-over-red Bohemian colours served as Czechoslovakia’s first flag before the blue triangle was added in 1920.", "sources": [ "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/cz-1918.html" ], "image": "flags/bohemia1918.gif", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/cz-1918.html", "imageCredit": "Mark Sensen, 2 July 1996 / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html" }, { "id": "croat1848", "name": "Croatian tricolour · 1848", "status": "historical", "family": "slavic", "image": "flags/nl.svg", "year": 1848, "note": "The red-white-blue tricolour became a Croatian national symbol in 1848, alongside heraldic versions. Its colours came from Croatian, Slavonian and Dalmatian heraldry, within the wider revolutionary and Pan-Slavic setting.", "sources": [ "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/hr.html", "https://www.sabor.hr/en/press/news/parliament-declares-5-june-croatian-flag-day" ], "families": [ "slavic", "french" ], "imageSource": "https://flagpedia.net/download/api", "end": null }, { "id": "armenian-ssr", "name": "Armenian SSR", "year": 1952, "end": 1990, "image": "flags/armenian-ssr.gif", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/su-am.html", "imageCredit": "Željko Heimer / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html", "note": "Adopted 17 December 1952; replaced by the Armenian tricolour in August 1990.", "sources": [ "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/su-am.html" ], "family": "red", "families": [ "red" ], "status": "historical" }, { "id": "azerbaijan-ssr", "name": "Azerbaijan SSR", "year": 1952, "end": 1991, "image": "flags/azerbaijan-ssr.gif", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/su-az.html", "imageCredit": "Željko Heimer / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html", "note": "Red and blue design adopted 7 October 1952; emblem specifications changed in 1956.", "sources": [ "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/su-az.html" ], "family": "red", "families": [ "red" ], "status": "historical" }, { "id": "georgian-ssr", "name": "Georgian SSR", "year": 1951, "end": 1990, "image": "flags/georgian-ssr.gif", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/su-ge.html", "imageCredit": "Željko Heimer / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html", "note": "Adopted 11 April 1951.", "sources": [ "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/su-ge.html" ], "family": "red", "families": [ "red" ], "status": "historical" }, { "id": "estonian-ssr", "name": "Estonian SSR", "year": 1953, "end": 1990, "image": "flags/estonian-ssr.gif", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/su-ee.html", "imageCredit": "Željko Heimer and António Martins / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html", "note": "Adopted 6 February 1953.", "sources": [ "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/su-ee.html" ], "family": "red", "families": [ "red" ], "status": "historical" }, { "id": "latvian-ssr", "name": "Latvian SSR", "year": 1953, "end": 1990, "image": "flags/latvian-ssr.gif", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/su-lv.html", "imageCredit": "Željko Heimer / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html", "note": "Adopted 17 January 1953.", "sources": [ "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/su-lv.html" ], "family": "red", "families": [ "red" ], "status": "historical" }, { "id": "lithuanian-ssr", "name": "Lithuanian SSR", "year": 1953, "end": 1988, "image": "flags/lithuanian-ssr.gif", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/su-lt.html", "imageCredit": "Željko Heimer / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html", "note": "Adopted 15 July 1953; tricolour restored in 1988, before formal independence.", "sources": [ "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/su-lt.html" ], "family": "red", "families": [ "red" ], "status": "historical" }, { "id": "moldavian-ssr", "name": "Moldavian SSR", "year": 1952, "end": 1990, "image": "flags/moldavian-ssr.gif", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/su-md.html", "imageCredit": "Željko Heimer / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html", "note": "Adopted 31 January 1952.", "sources": [ "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/su-md.html" ], "family": "red", "families": [ "red" ], "status": "historical" }, { "id": "ukrainian-ssr", "name": "Ukrainian SSR", "year": 1949, "end": 1992, "image": "flags/ukrainian-ssr.gif", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/su-ua.html", "imageCredit": "António Martins and Victor Lomantsov / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html", "note": "Adopted 21 November 1949; blue-yellow became a national flag in September 1991 and replaced the Soviet flag by parliamentary resolution in January 1992.", "sources": [ "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/su-ua.html", "https://uae.mfa.gov.ua/en/news/59174-ukrajina-svyatkuje-deny-derzhavnogo-prapora" ], "family": "red", "families": [ "red" ], "status": "historical" }, { "id": "hungary1949", "name": "Hungarian People’s Republic", "year": 1949, "end": 1956, "image": "flags/hungary1949.gif", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/hu_h.html", "imageCredit": "Željko Heimer / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html", "note": "Rákosi arms variant; later communist Hungary used an uncharged tricolour.", "sources": [ "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/hu_h.html" ], "family": "red", "families": [ "red" ], "status": "historical" }, { "id": "romania1965", "name": "Socialist Republic of Romania", "year": 1965, "end": 1989, "image": "flags/romania1965.gif", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/ro-1965.html", "imageCredit": "Calvin Paige Herring / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html", "note": "Constitution adopted 21 August 1965; arms with Republica Socialista Romania scroll.", "sources": [ "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/ro-1965.html" ], "family": "red", "families": [ "red" ], "status": "historical" }, { "id": "castile-leon1230", "name": "Kingdom of Castile and León", "year": 1230, "end": 1516, "image": "flags/castile-leon1230.gif", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/es-cl_hi.html", "imageCredit": "Sergio Camero / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html", "note": "Historical illustration of a quartered heraldic banner combining the Castilian castle and Leonese lion.", "sources": [ "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/es-cl_hi.html" ], "family": "iberian", "families": [ "iberian" ], "status": "historical" }, { "id": "spain1785", "name": "Spain, naval ensign", "year": 1785, "end": 1931, "image": "flags/spain1785.gif", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/es1785.html", "imageCredit": "Luis Miguel Arias / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html", "note": "War ensign adopted in 1785; also state and war flag from 1843. Republican interruption in 1873–1874 involved altered royal symbols.", "sources": [ "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/es1785.html" ], "family": "iberian", "families": [ "iberian" ], "status": "historical" }, { "id": "byzantine-eagle", "name": "Byzantine double-headed eagle (attributed)", "year": 1261, "end": 1453, "image": "flags/byzantine-eagle.gif", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/gr_byz.html", "imageCredit": "António Martins / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html", "note": "Conventional modern depiction of the Palaiologan double-headed eagle on yellow. The date identifies the dynasty’s period. The exact medieval use of this flag design remains uncertain.", "sources": [ "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/gr_byz.html" ], "family": "double-eagle", "families": [ "double-eagle" ], "status": "historical" }, { "id": "hre-eagle", "name": "Holy Roman imperial eagle banner", "year": 1401, "end": 1806, "image": "flags/hre-eagle.gif", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/de_roman.html", "imageCredit": "N3MO / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html", "note": "Representative double-headed imperial banner. FOTW dates the transition to 1401; other references use Sigismund’s 1433 imperial coronation. Designs varied by emperor.", "sources": [ "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/de_roman.html" ], "family": "double-eagle", "families": [ "double-eagle" ], "status": "historical" }, { "id": "russian-imperial-eagle", "name": "Russian emperor’s standard ashore", "year": 1858, "end": 1917, "image": "flags/russian-imperial-eagle.gif", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/ru_tzar.html", "imageCredit": "Mario Fabretto and António Martins / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html", "note": "Imperial personal standard with double-headed eagle; distinct from the civil tricolour.", "sources": [ "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/ru_tzar.html" ], "family": "double-eagle", "families": [ "double-eagle" ], "status": "historical" }, { "id": "bulgaria1971", "name": "People’s Republic of Bulgaria", "year": 1971, "end": 1990, "image": "flags/bulgaria1971.gif", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/bg_1971.html", "imageCredit": "Željko Heimer / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html", "note": "Final communist state flag, with 681 and 1944 on the emblem; officially hoisted 21 May 1971.", "sources": [ "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/bg_1971.html" ], "family": "red", "families": [ "red", "slavic" ], "status": "historical" }, { "id": "albania1946", "name": "People’s Republic of Albania", "year": 1946, "end": 1992, "image": "flags/albania1946.gif", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/al_r1946.html", "imageCredit": "Jaume Ollé / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html", "note": "Communist-era eagle and star design. Albania withdrew from the Warsaw Pact in 1968.", "sources": [ "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/al_r1946.html" ], "family": "red", "families": [ "red" ], "status": "historical" }, { "id": "slovenia-socialist", "name": "Socialist Slovenia", "year": 1947, "end": 1991, "image": "flags/slovenia-socialist.gif", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/yu_fy-si.html", "imageCredit": "Željko Heimer / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html", "note": "White-blue-red tricolour with the Yugoslav socialist star. FOTW page has an apparent typo dating replacement to 1990; modern arms-bearing flag adopted June 1991.", "sources": [ "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/yu_fy-si.html" ], "family": "red", "families": [ "red", "slavic" ], "status": "historical" }, { "id": "croatia-socialist", "name": "Socialist Croatia", "year": 1947, "end": 1990, "image": "flags/croatia-socialist.gif", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/yu_fy-hr.html", "imageCredit": "Željko Heimer / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html", "note": "Red-white-blue tricolour with socialist star; adopted 18 January 1947.", "sources": [ "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/yu_fy-hr.html" ], "family": "red", "families": [ "red", "slavic" ], "status": "historical" }, { "id": "bosnia-socialist", "name": "Socialist Bosnia and Herzegovina", "year": 1946, "end": 1992, "image": "flags/bosnia-socialist.gif", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/yu_fy-ba.html", "imageCredit": "Željko Heimer / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html", "note": "Adopted 31 December 1946; red field with Yugoslav flag in canton.", "sources": [ "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/yu_fy-ba.html" ], "family": "red", "families": [ "red", "slavic" ], "status": "historical" }, { "id": "macedonia-socialist", "name": "Socialist Macedonia", "year": 1946, "end": 1992, "image": "flags/macedonia-socialist.gif", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/yu_fy-mk.html", "imageCredit": "Željko Heimer / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html", "note": "Red with a yellow-bordered red star; adopted 31 December 1946; replaced in 1992.", "sources": [ "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/yu_fy-mk.html" ], "family": "red", "families": [ "red", "slavic" ], "status": "historical" }, { "id": "bolivia1825", "name": "Bolivia, first national flag", "year": 1825, "end": 1826, "image": "flags/bolivia1825.gif", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/bo_1825.html", "imageCredit": "Jorge Hurtado / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html", "note": "Green-red-green design. FOTW illustration reconstructs the five wreaths and stars from the written description; exact emblem arrangement is uncertain.", "sources": [ "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/bo_1825.html" ], "family": "latin", "families": [ "latin" ], "status": "historical" }, { "id": "bolivia1826", "name": "Bolivia, yellow-red-green flag", "year": 1826, "end": 1851, "image": "flags/bolivia1826.gif", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/bo_1826.html", "imageCredit": "António Martins / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html", "note": "Adopted 25 July 1826. Equal-stripe version; FOTW discusses uncertainty in the arms rendition and period variations.", "sources": [ "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/bo_1826.html" ], "family": "latin", "families": [ "latin" ], "status": "historical" }, { "id": "vietnam-communist-party", "name": "Communist Party of Vietnam", "year": 1930, "end": null, "image": "flags/vietnam-communist-party.gif", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/vn%7Dcp.html", "imageCredit": "Tomislav Todorovic / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html", "note": "Red party flag bearing a yellow hammer and sickle. The date identifies the party’s foundation in 1930; the illustration shows its familiar later design.", "sources": [ "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/vn%7Dcp.html" ], "family": "red", "families": [ "red" ], "status": "historical", "dateLabel": "20th-century party tradition", "role": "Political party flag" }, { "id": "china-communist-party", "name": "Chinese Communist Party", "year": null, "end": null, "image": "flags/china-communist-party.gif", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/cn%7Dcpp.html", "imageCredit": "Zachary Harden / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html", "note": "Red with a hammer and sickle became the party’s flag tradition before 1949. The displayed illustration follows the 1996 standardization; earlier details varied.", "sources": [ "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/cn%7Dcpp.html", "https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2012cpc/2010-09/06/content_15857221.htm" ], "family": "red", "families": [ "red" ], "status": "historical", "dateLabel": "20th-century party tradition", "role": "Political party flag" }, { "id": "serbia-socialist", "name": "Socialist Serbia", "year": 1947, "end": 1992, "image": "flags/serbia-socialist.gif", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/yu_fy-sr.html", "imageCredit": "Željko Heimer / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html", "note": "Red-blue-white tricolour with socialist star; adopted 17 January 1947.", "sources": [ "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/yu_fy-sr.html" ], "family": "red", "families": [ "red", "slavic" ], "status": "historical" }, { "id": "montenegro-socialist", "name": "Socialist Montenegro", "year": 1946, "end": 1993, "image": "flags/montenegro-socialist.gif", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/yu_fy-cg.html", "imageCredit": "Željko Heimer / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html", "note": "Red-blue-white tricolour with socialist star; adopted 31 December 1946.", "sources": [ "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/yu_fy-cg.html" ], "family": "red", "families": [ "red", "slavic" ], "status": "historical" }, { "id": "kh1970", "name": "Khmer Republic", "year": 1970, "end": 1975, "status": "historical", "family": "red", "families": [ "red" ], "image": "flags/kh1970.gif", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/kh_hstry.html", "imageCredit": "P. Mathew, adapted by M. Schmöger / FOTW", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html", "sources": [ "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/kh_hstry.html" ], "note": "The illustrated principal design and historical period are described in the linked flag history." }, { "id": "kh1976", "name": "Democratic Kampuchea", "year": 1976, "end": 1979, "status": "historical", "family": "red", "families": [ "red" ], "image": "flags/kh1976.gif", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/kh_hstry.html", "imageCredit": "Željko Heimer / FOTW", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html", "sources": [ "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/kh_hstry.html" ], "note": "The illustrated principal design and historical period are described in the linked flag history." }, { "id": "kh1979", "name": "People’s Republic of Kampuchea", "year": 1979, "end": 1989, "status": "historical", "family": "red", "families": [ "red" ], "image": "flags/kh1979.gif", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/kh_hstry.html", "imageCredit": "Zachary Harden, 2021 / FOTW", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html", "sources": [ "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/kh_hstry.html" ], "note": "The illustrated principal design and historical period are described in the linked flag history." }, { "id": "kh1989", "name": "State of Cambodia", "year": 1989, "end": 1993, "status": "historical", "family": "red", "families": [ "red" ], "image": "flags/kh1989.gif", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/kh_hstry.html", "imageCredit": "M. Schmöger / FOTW", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html", "sources": [ "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/kh_hstry.html" ], "note": "The illustrated principal design and historical period are described in the linked flag history." }, { "id": "la1952", "name": "Kingdom of Laos", "year": 1952, "end": 1975, "status": "historical", "family": "red", "families": [ "red" ], "image": "flags/la1952.gif", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/la-1952.html", "imageCredit": "Vincent Morley and António Martins / FOTW", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html", "sources": [ "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/la-1952.html" ], "note": "The illustrated principal design and historical period are described in the linked flag history." }, { "id": "af1978", "name": "Afghanistan · Khalq", "year": 1978, "end": 1980, "status": "historical", "family": "red", "families": [ "red" ], "image": "flags/af1978.gif", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/af1978o.html", "imageCredit": "Afghan Ministry of Justice, located by Zachary Harden, 2012 / FOTW", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html", "sources": [ "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/af1978o.html", "https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/flags-ii/" ], "note": "The illustrated principal design and historical period are described in the linked flag history." }, { "id": "af1980", "name": "Democratic Afghanistan", "year": 1980, "end": 1987, "status": "historical", "family": "red", "families": [ "red" ], "image": "flags/af1980.gif", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/af1980.html", "imageCredit": "Jaume Ollé / FOTW", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html", "sources": [ "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/af1980.html", "https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/flags-ii/" ], "note": "The illustrated principal design and historical period are described in the linked flag history." }, { "id": "southyemen", "name": "South Yemen", "year": 1967, "end": 1990, "status": "historical", "family": "red", "families": [ "red" ], "image": "flags/southyemen.gif", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/ye-south.html", "imageCredit": "Željko Heimer, 2003 / FOTW", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html", "sources": [ "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/ye-south.html" ], "note": "The illustrated principal design and historical period are described in the linked flag history." }, { "id": "es-cl", "name": "Castile and León", "year": 1983, "end": null, "status": "related", "family": "iberian", "families": [ "iberian" ], "image": "flags/es-cl.gif", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/es-cl.html", "imageCredit": "Antonio Gutiérrez, SEV, 2005 / FOTW", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html", "sources": [ "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/es-cl.html" ], "note": "The illustrated principal design and historical period are described in the linked flag history." }, { "id": "es-cm", "name": "Castilla-La Mancha", "year": 1982, "end": null, "status": "related", "family": "iberian", "families": [ "iberian" ], "image": "flags/es-cm.gif", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/es-cm.html", "imageCredit": "SEV contributors, 2019 / FOTW", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html", "sources": [ "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/es-cm.html" ], "note": "The illustrated principal design and historical period are described in the linked flag history." }, { "id": "islamic-emblem", "name": "Islamic crescent tradition", "year": null, "end": null, "status": "related", "role": "Symbol tradition", "family": "crescent", "families": [ "crescent", "turkic" ], "image": null, "imageText": [ "Crescent & star", "Islamic tradition" ], "note": "Ottoman prestige helped make the crescent a widely recognised Islamic emblem. Its earlier history includes Persian, Byzantine and Central Asian uses; the ultimate route is disputed.", "sources": [ "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/xf-cres.html", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_and_crescent" ] }, { "id": "russia1991", "name": "Russia", "status": "current", "family": "slavic", "image": "flags/ru.svg", "year": 1991, "note": "Russia restored its white-blue-red tricolour in 1991, replacing the Russian SFSR flag. The design has seventeenth-century origins.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Russia" ], "families": [ "slavic", "red" ], "imageSource": "https://flagpedia.net/download/api", "dateLabel": "Restored 1991" }, { "id": "castile-castle", "name": "Castile, castle banner (modern rendering)", "year": 1200, "end": 1230, "image": "flags/castile-castle.gif", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/es%7Dcl.html", "imageCredit": "Antonio Gutiérrez and Ignacio Munguía / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html", "note": "Modern regionalist rendition of the Castilian golden castle on red, illustrating the medieval heraldic motif. The date gives its approximate medieval context.", "sources": [ "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/es%7Dcl.html", "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/es-cl_hi.html" ], "imageWidth": 324, "imageHeight": 216, "family": "iberian", "families": [ "iberian" ], "status": "historical", "dateLabel": "12th–13th-century motif", "role": "Historical heraldic reconstruction" }, { "id": "leon-medieval", "name": "León, medieval lion banner (reconstruction)", "year": 1150, "end": 1230, "image": "flags/leon-medieval.gif", "imageSource": "https://corazonleon.blogspot.com/2005/07/la-bandera-medieval-del-reino-de-len.html", "imageCredit": "Ricardo Chao, Corazón de León, 2005", "imageLicense": "Author permits reproduction of the illustrated article in any medium with author credit: https://corazonleon.blogspot.com/2005/07/la-bandera-medieval-del-reino-de-len.html", "note": "Ricardo Chao’s reconstruction of the medieval banner: a purple lion passant on an argent field, with a split fly. The date gives its approximate twelfth-century context. The lion became rampant in later quartered royal arms.", "sources": [ "https://corazonleon.blogspot.com/2005/07/la-bandera-medieval-del-reino-de-len.html", "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/es-le_k.html" ], "imageWidth": 639, "imageHeight": 257, "family": "iberian", "families": [ "iberian" ], "status": "historical", "dateLabel": "12th–13th-century motif", "role": "Historical heraldic reconstruction" }, { "id": "mongolia1945", "name": "Mongolian People’s Republic", "year": 1945, "end": 1992, "image": "flags/mongolia1945.gif", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/mn.html#prev", "imageCredit": "David Martucci and Željko Heimer / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html", "note": "Red-blue-red flag with golden Soyombo and communist star. FOTW records adoption in 1945, official confirmation on 23 February 1949, and constitutional confirmation in 1960. Star removed in 1992.", "sources": [ "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/mn.html#prev" ], "imageWidth": 432, "imageHeight": 216, "family": "red", "families": [ "red" ], "status": "historical" }, { "id": "aragon-crown", "name": "Crown of Aragon · royal bars", "year": 1150, "family": "iberian", "families": [ "iberian" ], "status": "historical", "note": "Four red bars on gold formed the royal heraldic motif of the Crown of Aragon and House of Barcelona. The illustration shows the plain Senyera pattern.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senyera" ], "image": "flags/es-ct.gif", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/es-ct.html", "imageCredit": "António Martins, 28 October 2017 / FOTW Flags Of The World", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html", "dateLabel": "Medieval royal arms" }, { "id": "fr-ancient", "name": "France · fleurs-de-lis banner", "year": 1180, "family": "french-royal", "families": [ "french-royal" ], "status": "historical", "dateLabel": "12th–14th centuries", "note": "Blue strewn with golden fleurs-de-lis was used in medieval French royal heraldry. The illustrated banner represents this heraldic design.", "image": "flags/fr-slys.gif", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/fr_mon.html", "imageCredit": "Pierre Gay / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html", "sources": [ "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/fr_mon.html" ] }, { "id": "fr-modern", "name": "France · three fleurs-de-lis", "year": 1376, "family": "french-royal", "families": [ "french-royal" ], "status": "historical", "dateLabel": "From the 14th century", "note": "The French royal arms were simplified to three golden fleurs-de-lis in the 14th century. The illustration is a modern rendering of the banner of arms.", "image": "flags/fr-3b.gif", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/fr_mon.html", "imageCredit": "Rick Wyatt / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html", "sources": [ "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/fr_mon.html" ] }, { "id": "bulgaria1879", "name": "Bulgaria · plain tricolour", "year": 1879, "end": 1947, "image": "flags/bulgaria1879.gif", "sources": [ "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/bg.html" ], "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/bg.html", "note": "The 1879 constitution specifies white, green and red horizontal bands; the 1947 constitution adds the arms. The illustration uses modern proportions and shades to represent the plain motif, which continued as a civil ensign after 1947.", "status": "historical", "imageCredit": "Zoltan Horvath, 24 April 2024 / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html", "family": "slavic", "families": [ "slavic" ] }, { "id": "iranqajar", "name": "Qajar Iran · Lion and Sun state ensign", "year": 1910, "end": 1925, "image": "flags/iranqajar.gif", "sources": [ "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/ir_imp05.html" ], "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/ir_imp05.html", "note": "State ensign documented in the 1910 Admiralty and 1917 National Geographic flag books, with pale colours. The dates identify the documented example and the Qajar dynasty’s end in 1925. The plain civil tricolour is recorded separately from 1906.", "status": "historical", "imageCredit": "Željko Heimer / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html", "family": "persian", "families": [ "persian" ], "dateLabel": "Documented c. 1910–1925" }, { "id": "af1928", "name": "Afghanistan · Amanullah tricolour", "year": 1928, "end": 1929, "image": "flags/af1928.gif", "sources": [ "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/af1928s.html", "https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/flags-ii/" ], "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/af1928s.html", "note": "Vertical black-red-green tricolour with a mountain-and-sun emblem, introduced after Amanullah’s European tour. Sources date its introduction between June and September 1928 and describe different emblem colours. Encyclopaedia Iranica places its form in the European tricolour tradition.", "status": "historical", "imageCredit": "Santiago Dotor; coat of arms by Peter Laursen / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html", "family": "persian", "families": [ "persian" ] }, { "id": "af1929", "name": "Afghanistan · Habibullah Kalakani", "year": 1929, "end": 1929, "image": "flags/af1929.gif", "sources": [ "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/af1929j.html", "https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/flags-ii/" ], "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/af1929j.html", "note": "Red-black-white vertical tricolour attributed to Habibullah Ghazi (Kalakani), January–October 1929, following Baert 2001. Accounts differ: Encyclopaedia Iranica describes the restoration of the earlier black national flag during his rule.", "status": "historical", "imageCredit": "Ivan Sache / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html", "family": "persian", "families": [ "persian" ], "dateLabel": "January–October 1929" }, { "id": "somaliland", "name": "Somaliland", "year": 1996, "end": null, "status": "related", "image": "flags/somaliland.gif", "sources": [ "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/so-mlan.html" ], "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/so-mlan.html", "note": "Introduced in 1996. Green represents prosperity, white peace, red the liberation struggle, and the shahada Islam. A reported source is the Somali National Movement flag, with its colours rearranged. Its palette also appears in Pan-Arab flags.", "imageCredit": "Zoltan Horvath, 2 October 2024 / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html", "family": "arab", "families": [ "arab" ] }, { "id": "af1996", "name": "Afghanistan · Taliban 1996", "year": 1996, "end": 1997, "status": "historical", "family": "persian", "families": [ "persian", "red" ], "image": "flags/af-tali.gif", "note": "Plain white banner used by the Taliban on taking Kabul in 1996.", "sources": [ "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/af_talib.html" ], "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/af_talib.html", "imageCredit": "António Martins / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html" }, { "id": "af1997", "name": "Afghanistan · Taliban 1997", "year": 1997, "end": 2001, "status": "historical", "family": "persian", "families": [ "persian", "red" ], "image": "flags/af-1997.gif", "note": "White with the shahada in black. This illustration follows a photographed flag purchased in Pakistan; calligraphy and proportions varied.", "sources": [ "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/af_talib.html" ], "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/af_talib.html", "imageCredit": "M. Schmöger / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html" }, { "id": "somaliland-old", "name": "Somaliland · first republic flag", "year": 1991, "end": 1996, "dateLabel": "Early 1990s–1996", "status": "historical", "family": "arab", "families": [ "arab" ], "image": "flags/so-mlan.gif", "note": "White with a green disk and shahada. The National Charter prescribed this design; the exact introduction date is uncertain.", "sources": [ "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/so-mlan.html" ], "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/so-mlan.html", "imageCredit": "Steve Stringfellow / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html" }, { "id": "snm", "name": "Somali National Movement", "year": 1990, "dateLabel": "c. 1990 · reconstruction", "status": "historical", "family": "arab", "families": [ "arab" ], "note": "A 2002 eyewitness account describes red-white-green horizontal stripes with the shahada on white, used around 1990. This schematic follows that description; proportions and calligraphy are illustrative.", "sources": [ "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/so-mlan.html" ], "image": "flags/snm-diagram.svg", "role": "Schematic reconstruction", "imageCredit": "Atlas schematic from the cited written description. Proportions, shades and lettering are illustrative.", "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/so-mlan.html" }, { "id": "splm", "name": "Sudan People’s Liberation Movement", "status": "related", "family": "african", "image": "flags/ss.svg", "year": 2005, "note": "South Sudan retained the SPLM flag when it became independent in 2011. The illustration represents the design shared with the national flag; minor star and blue-shade variants are collapsed.", "sources": [ "https://worksthatwork.com/4/branding-south-sudan", "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/ss.html" ], "families": [ "african" ], "imageSource": "https://flagpedia.net/download/api", "dateLabel": "Party flag · used before independence" }, { "id": "rhodesia1968", "name": "Rhodesia", "year": 1968, "end": 1979, "status": "historical", "family": "african", "families": [ "african", "british" ], "image": "flags/rhodesia-1968.gif", "note": "Rhodesia adopted green-white-green with its arms in 1968. Zimbabwe Rhodesia replaced it with a new design in September 1979; British authority resumed in December before Zimbabwe’s independence in 1980.", "sources": [ "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/zw-rhod.html" ], "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/zw-rhod.html", "imageCredit": "Bruce Berry / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html" }, { "id": "zimbabwe-rhodesia", "name": "Zimbabwe Rhodesia", "year": 1979, "end": 1979, "status": "historical", "family": "african", "families": [ "african", "british" ], "image": "flags/zimbabwe-rhodesia-1979.gif", "note": "Rhodesia adopted green-white-green with its arms in 1968. Zimbabwe Rhodesia replaced it with a new design in September 1979; British authority resumed in December before Zimbabwe’s independence in 1980.", "sources": [ "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/zw-zrhod.html" ], "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/zw-zrhod.html", "imageCredit": "Bruce Berry / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html" }, { "id": "grenada1967", "name": "Grenada · associated state", "year": 1967, "end": 1974, "status": "historical", "family": "african", "families": [ "african" ], "image": "flags/grenada-1967.gif", "note": "The blue-yellow-green flag with a nutmeg emblem preceded the independence flag.", "sources": [ "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/gd_hist.html" ], "imageSource": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/gd_hist.html", "imageCredit": "António Martins / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html" }, { "id": "guyana-proposal", "name": "Guyana · Smith proposal", "year": 1962, "end": null, "status": "historical", "family": "african", "families": [ "african" ], "image": "flags/guyana-smith-proposal.gif", "note": "Whitney Smith’s original proposal. His later account dates its submission to 1960; other accounts cite the 1962 competition. Red and green were reversed, and black and white borders added before adoption in 1966.", "sources": [ "https://portlandflag.org/2016/02/27/whitney-smiths-flag-of-guyana/" ], "imageSource": "https://portlandflag.org/2016/02/27/whitney-smiths-flag-of-guyana/", "imageCredit": "Kazutaka Nishiura / FOTW Flags Of The World website at https://www.fotw.info/", "imageLicense": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/disclaim.html", "dateLabel": "Proposal · c. 1960–1962" }, { "id": "byzantium-crescent", "name": "Ancient Byzantium · star & crescent", "status": "historical", "family": "crescent", "families": [ "crescent" ], "year": -100, "dateLabel": "Ancient coin motif", "role": "Coin emblem · schematic", "imageText": [ "☾ ✶", "Coin emblem" ], "note": "Star-and-crescent motifs appear on ancient coins of Byzantium. A later legend associates the city’s crescent with its defence against Philip II of Macedon. Transmission into Ottoman symbolism is debated.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_and_crescent", "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/rel-islc.html" ] } ], "edges": [ { "source": "prince", "target": "nl", "type": "documented", "note": "The red-white-blue flag developed from the orange-white-blue Dutch flag.", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_the_Netherlands" }, { "source": "nl", "target": "ru", "type": "probable", "note": "Dutch maritime practice influenced the Russian tricolour; accounts differ on the earliest stage.", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Russia" }, { "source": "nl", "target": "fr", "type": "probable", "note": "A Dutch influence on the tricolour format is often proposed; French colours have their own revolutionary history.", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_France" }, { "source": "czechoslovakia", "target": "cz", "type": "documented", "note": "The Czech Republic retained the Czechoslovak flag.", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic" }, { "source": "no", "target": "is", "type": "documented", "note": "Iceland adapted the Nordic cross arrangement with its own colours.", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Iceland" }, { "source": "se", "target": "ax", "type": "documented", "note": "Åland adds a red cross within a Swedish blue-and-yellow cross design.", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_%C3%85land" }, { "source": "dk", "target": "gl", "type": "documented", "note": "Greenland’s design retains Danish red and white while replacing the cross.", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Greenland" }, { "source": "gb-eng", "target": "union1606", "type": "documented", "note": "St George’s cross incorporated into the Union Flag.", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Great_Britain" }, { "source": "gb-sct", "target": "union1606", "type": "documented", "note": "St Andrew’s saltire incorporated into the Union Flag.", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Great_Britain" }, { "source": "union1606", "target": "gb", "type": "redesign", "note": "The 1801 union added St Patrick’s saltire.", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union_Jack" }, { "source": "patrick", "target": "gb", "type": "documented", "note": "The Irish saltire was added to the composite flag in 1801.", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union_Jack" }, { "source": "gb", "target": "blueensign", "type": "documented", "note": "The Union Flag forms the canton of the British ensign.", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_ensign" }, { "source": "gb", "target": "redensign", "type": "documented", "note": "The Union Flag forms the canton of the British ensign.", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_ensign" }, { "source": "blueensign", "target": "au", "type": "documented", "note": "Adaptation of the British ensign template with local symbols or field colour.", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue_Ensign" }, { "source": "blueensign", "target": "nz", "type": "documented", "note": "Adaptation of the British ensign template with local symbols or field colour.", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue_Ensign" }, { "source": "blueensign", "target": "fj", "type": "documented", "note": "Adaptation of the British ensign template with local symbols or field colour.", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue_Ensign" }, { "source": "blueensign", "target": "tv", "type": "documented", "note": "Adaptation of the British ensign template with local symbols or field colour.", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue_Ensign" }, { "source": "blueensign", "target": "ck", "type": "documented", "note": "Adaptation of the British ensign template with local symbols or field colour.", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue_Ensign" }, { "source": "gb", "target": "nu", "type": "documented", "note": "A modified Union canton appears on a yellow field.", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Niue" }, { "source": "gb", "target": "us-hi", "type": "documented", "note": "Hawaii retained a Union canton in its national and later state flag.", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Hawaii" }, { "source": "redensign", "target": "canadaold", "type": "documented", "note": "Canada used a defaced Red Ensign.", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian_Red_Ensign" }, { "source": "canadaold", "target": "ca", "type": "redesign", "note": "The Maple Leaf replaced the Canadian Red Ensign in 1965.", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Canada" }, { "source": "union1606", "target": "grandunion", "type": "documented", "note": "The earlier Union Flag appeared in the canton.", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Union_Flag" }, { "source": "eastindia", "target": "grandunion", "type": "probable", "note": "A proposed influence based on striped ensign similarity; direct transmission is unproven.", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Union_Flag" }, { "source": "grandunion", "target": "us", "type": "redesign", "note": "Stars replaced the Union canton in 1777; later star-count changes are collapsed.", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_the_United_States" }, { "source": "us", "target": "lr", "type": "documented", "note": "Liberia’s flag deliberately followed the American pattern, reflecting its settler history.", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Liberia" }, { "source": "us", "target": "cu", "type": "probable", "note": "The American model is commonly identified as an influence on Cuba’s stripes and lone star.", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Cuba" }, { "source": "cu", "target": "pr", "type": "documented", "note": "Puerto Rico’s flag reverses the main colours of the Cuban design.", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Puerto_Rico" }, { "source": "us", "target": "cl", "type": "probable", "note": "American revolutionary symbolism is a proposed influence; the Chilean design also has local sources.", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Chile" }, { "source": "fr", "target": "it", "type": "documented", "note": "The French revolutionary tricolour provided an explicit model.", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_France" }, { "source": "fr", "target": "ie", "type": "documented", "note": "The French revolutionary tricolour provided an explicit model.", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_France" }, { "source": "fr", "target": "be", "type": "probable", "note": "The revolutionary tricolour model influenced the format, combined with local national colours.", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_France" }, { "source": "fr", "target": "ro", "type": "probable", "note": "The revolutionary tricolour model influenced the format, combined with local national colours.", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_France" }, { "source": "fr", "target": "hu", "type": "probable", "note": "The revolutionary tricolour model influenced the format, combined with local national colours.", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_France" }, { "source": "ro", "target": "md", "type": "documented", "note": "Moldova uses the Romanian tricolour with distinct national arms.", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Moldova" }, { "source": "fr", "target": "ht", "type": "documented", "note": "Haiti’s revolutionary bicolour developed from the French tricolour with white removed.", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Haiti" }, { "source": "ht", "target": "do", "type": "documented", "note": "The Dominican flag emerged by adding a white cross to the Haitian colour tradition.", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic" }, { "source": "fr", "target": "cm", "type": "documented", "note": "The vertical tricolour format combines with African national or pan-African colours.", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_families" }, { "source": "fr", "target": "gn", "type": "documented", "note": "The vertical tricolour format combines with African national or pan-African colours.", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_families" }, { "source": "fr", "target": "sn", "type": "documented", "note": "The vertical tricolour format combines with African national or pan-African colours.", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_families" }, { "source": "fr", "target": "td", "type": "documented", "note": "The vertical tricolour format combines with African national or pan-African colours.", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_families" }, { "source": "fr", "target": "cf", "type": "documented", "note": "The design combines French and pan-African colours.", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_the_Central_African_Republic" }, { "source": "ro", "target": "td", "type": "similarity", "note": "Near-identical appearance, but independent national design histories.", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Chad" }, { "source": "ie", "target": "ci", "type": "similarity", "note": "Reversed orange-white-green order and different proportions; the Irish flag is a visual comparison.", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Ivory_Coast" }, { "source": "it", "target": "mx", "type": "similarity", "note": "Similar tricolours; Mexico’s independence symbolism is distinct.", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Mexico" }, { "source": "ethiopian", "target": "gh", "type": "documented", "note": "Ethiopia’s colours helped inspire Ghana’s red-gold-green design.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/gh.html" }, { "source": "ethiopian", "target": "et", "type": "redesign", "note": "The current state flag places a national emblem over the long-established tricolour.", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Ethiopia" }, { "source": "unia", "target": "ke", "type": "documented", "note": "Red, black and green continue the Garvey colour tradition within a national design.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/vxt-dv-g.html" }, { "source": "unia", "target": "mw1964", "type": "documented", "note": "Red, black and green continue the Garvey colour tradition within a national design.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/vxt-dv-g.html" }, { "source": "unia", "target": "ss", "type": "family", "note": "Shares the red-black-green Pan-African colour tradition.", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan-African_colours" }, { "source": "gh", "target": "gw", "type": "probable", "note": "Ghana’s black-star pan-African design was an influence alongside the PAIGC movement flag.", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau" }, { "source": "anc", "target": "za", "type": "documented", "note": "Black, green and gold connect the flag to liberation-movement colours, including the ANC. Individual colours have no official fixed meanings.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/za-close.html" }, { "source": "prince", "target": "zaold", "type": "documented", "note": "The old South African flag used the Prince’s Flag as its base.", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_South_Africa_(1928%E2%80%931994)" }, { "source": "gb", "target": "zaold", "type": "documented", "note": "A small Union Flag was included alongside the two former Boer republic flags.", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_South_Africa_(1928%E2%80%931994)" }, { "source": "zaold", "target": "za", "type": "redesign", "note": "A new converging design replaced the apartheid-era flag in 1994.", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_South_Africa" }, { "source": "arabrevolt", "target": "jo", "type": "documented", "note": "Adaptation of the Arab Revolt colour and design tradition.", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan-Arab_colors" }, { "source": "arabrevolt", "target": "ps", "type": "documented", "note": "Adaptation of the Arab Revolt colour and design tradition.", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan-Arab_colors" }, { "source": "arabrevolt", "target": "ae", "type": "documented", "note": "Adaptation of the Arab Revolt colour and design tradition.", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan-Arab_colors" }, { "source": "arabrevolt", "target": "kw", "type": "documented", "note": "Adaptation of the Arab Revolt colour and design tradition.", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan-Arab_colors" }, { "source": "arabrevolt", "target": "eh", "type": "documented", "note": "Adaptation of the Arab Revolt colour and design tradition.", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan-Arab_colors" }, { "source": "liberation", "target": "eg", "type": "documented", "note": "Adaptation of the red-white-black Arab Liberation pattern.", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan-Arab_colors" }, { "source": "liberation", "target": "iq", "type": "documented", "note": "Adaptation of the red-white-black Arab Liberation pattern.", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan-Arab_colors" }, { "source": "liberation", "target": "ye", "type": "documented", "note": "Adaptation of the red-white-black Arab Liberation pattern.", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan-Arab_colors" }, { "source": "liberation", "target": "sd", "type": "documented", "note": "Adaptation of the red-white-black Arab Liberation pattern.", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan-Arab_colors" }, { "source": "liberation", "target": "uar", "type": "documented", "note": "Adaptation of the red-white-black Arab Liberation pattern.", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan-Arab_colors" }, { "source": "uar", "target": "syriaold", "type": "documented", "note": "Syria readopted the two-star UAR design in 1980.", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Syria" }, { "source": "syriaold", "target": "sy", "type": "redesign", "note": "The green-white-black three-star independence flag was restored in 2024–2025.", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Syria" }, { "source": "libyagreen", "target": "ly", "type": "redesign", "note": "In 2011 Libya restored the flag first adopted at independence in 1951.", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Libya" }, { "source": "ottoman", "target": "dz", "type": "family", "note": "Shared crescent-and-star symbolism in Islamic flags.", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_and_crescent" }, { "source": "ottoman", "target": "az", "type": "documented", "note": "Azerbaijan’s June 1918 crescent-and-star flag followed the Ottoman model; the November tricolour retained the emblem.", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Azerbaijan" }, { "source": "bh", "target": "qa", "type": "family", "note": "Related Gulf red-and-white flag tradition shaped by treaty practice.", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Qatar" }, { "source": "miranda", "target": "gran", "type": "documented", "note": "Gran Colombia continued Miranda’s yellow-blue-red revolutionary palette.", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Gran_Colombia" }, { "source": "gran", "target": "co", "type": "documented", "note": "Retains the common yellow-blue-red heritage of Gran Colombia.", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Gran_Colombia" }, { "source": "gran", "target": "ve", "type": "documented", "note": "Retains the common yellow-blue-red heritage of Gran Colombia.", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Gran_Colombia" }, { "source": "gran", "target": "ec", "type": "documented", "note": "Retains the common yellow-blue-red heritage of Gran Colombia.", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Gran_Colombia" }, { "source": "ar", "target": "central", "type": "documented", "note": "The Argentine blue-white-blue model influenced the Central American federal flag.", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Central_America" }, { "source": "ar", "target": "uy", "type": "documented", "note": "Uruguay shares the Argentine colour and Sun of May tradition.", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Uruguay" }, { "source": "us", "target": "uy", "type": "documented", "note": "The striped design also drew on the American flag.", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Uruguay" }, { "source": "central", "target": "gt", "type": "documented", "note": "Developed from the Central American federal blue-white-blue tradition.", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Central_America" }, { "source": "central", "target": "hn", "type": "documented", "note": "Developed from the Central American federal blue-white-blue tradition.", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Central_America" }, { "source": "central", "target": "sv", "type": "documented", "note": "Developed from the Central American federal blue-white-blue tradition.", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Central_America" }, { "source": "central", "target": "ni", "type": "documented", "note": "Developed from the Central American federal blue-white-blue tradition.", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Central_America" }, { "source": "central", "target": "cr", "type": "documented", "note": "Developed from the Central American federal blue-white-blue tradition.", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Central_America" }, { "source": "fr", "target": "cr", "type": "documented", "note": "The 1848 redesign added red under the influence of France’s revolutionary colours.", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Costa_Rica" }, { "source": "ussr", "target": "cn", "type": "family", "note": "Related socialist red-flag symbolism; local design histories differ.", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_flag_(politics)" }, { "source": "ussr", "target": "vn", "type": "family", "note": "Related socialist red-flag symbolism; local design histories differ.", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_flag_(politics)" }, { "source": "ussr", "target": "mn", "type": "family", "note": "Related socialist red-flag symbolism; local design histories differ.", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_flag_(politics)" }, { "source": "ussr", "target": "kp", "type": "family", "note": "Related socialist red-flag symbolism; local design histories differ.", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_flag_(politics)" }, { "source": "ussr", "target": "byssr", "type": "documented", "note": "Soviet republican flag used union symbols and a national ornament.", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_the_Byelorussian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" }, { "source": "byssr", "target": "by", "type": "redesign", "note": "Belarus adapted its Soviet-era layout without hammer, sickle and star.", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Belarus" }, { "source": "un", "target": "trust", "type": "documented", "note": "UN blue provided the setting for the six-district trust territory flag.", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_the_Trust_Territory_of_the_Pacific_Islands" }, { "source": "trust", "target": "fm", "type": "documented", "note": "Micronesia retained the blue-and-white-star idea with four state stars.", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_the_Federated_States_of_Micronesia" }, { "source": "un", "target": "so", "type": "documented", "note": "The blue honours the UN’s role during the transition to independence.", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Somalia" }, { "source": "un", "target": "eritreaold", "type": "documented", "note": "UN-associated blue acknowledged its role in the federation settlement.", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Eritrea" }, { "source": "eritreaold", "target": "er", "type": "documented", "note": "The present olive wreath recalls the federation-era emblem.", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Eritrea" }, { "source": "eu", "target": "ba", "type": "documented", "note": "The blue field and European star symbolism express Bosnia and Herzegovina’s association with Europe.", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" }, { "source": "jp", "target": "bd", "type": "similarity", "note": "Both designs place a red disc on a plain field.", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Bangladesh" }, { "source": "jp", "target": "pw", "type": "similarity", "note": "Similar geometry, but Palau’s disc represents the moon and has its own symbolism.", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Palau" }, { "source": "id", "target": "mc", "type": "similarity", "note": "Red-white bicolours arose from different historical traditions.", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Monaco" }, { "source": "id", "target": "pl", "type": "similarity", "note": "Reversed bicolours with separate origins.", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Poland" }, { "source": "brazilempire", "target": "br", "type": "redesign", "note": "The republic retained the green field and yellow diamond, replacing the imperial arms.", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Brazil" }, { "source": "portugalold", "target": "pt", "type": "redesign", "note": "The republican flag replaced the royal blue-white arrangement in 1910.", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Portugal" }, { "source": "spainrepublic", "target": "es", "type": "redesign", "note": "The republican tricolour was superseded; today’s flag uses the older red-yellow-red tradition.", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Spain" }, { "source": "germanempire", "target": "weimar", "type": "redesign", "note": "The republic replaced imperial black-white-red with black-red-gold.", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Germany" }, { "source": "afrepublic", "target": "af", "type": "redesign", "note": "The Taliban’s return displaced the republican tricolour in domestic official use.", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Afghanistan" }, { "source": "myanmarold", "target": "mm", "type": "redesign", "note": "The 2010 flag introduced a new triband and large white star.", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Myanmar" }, { "source": "rwandaold", "target": "rw", "type": "redesign", "note": "A new design was adopted in 2001.", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Rwanda" }, { "source": "zaire", "target": "cd", "type": "redesign", "note": "The Zaire design was abandoned in 1997; the current diagonal design dates to 2006.", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_DR_Congo" }, { "source": "georgiaold", "target": "ge", "type": "redesign", "note": "The five-cross flag replaced the restored first-republic design in 2004.", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Georgia" }, { "source": "lesothoold", "target": "ls", "type": "redesign", "note": "The 2006 redesign replaced military symbolism with the Basotho hat.", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Lesotho" }, { "source": "malawiold", "target": "mw", "type": "redesign", "note": "The 1964 rising-sun flag was restored in 2012.", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Malawi" }, { "source": "india1931", "target": "in", "type": "redesign", "note": "The Ashoka Chakra replaced the spinning wheel in the 1947 national design.", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_India" }, { "source": "bangladeshold", "target": "bd", "type": "redesign", "note": "The map was removed from the disc in 1972.", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Bangladesh" }, { "source": "iranold", "target": "ir", "type": "redesign", "note": "The emblem and border inscriptions changed after the revolution.", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Iran" }, { "source": "korea", "target": "kr", "type": "redesign", "note": "The Taegeukgi tradition continued with standardised geometry.", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_South_Korea" }, { "source": "rocmainland", "target": "tw", "type": "redesign", "note": "The Republic of China retained its flag after its government relocated to Taiwan.", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Taiwan" }, { "source": "rocmainland", "target": "cn", "type": "redesign", "note": "The People’s Republic adopted a new flag on the mainland in 1949.", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_China" }, { "source": "tanganyika", "target": "tz", "type": "documented", "note": "The union flag combines Tanganyikan colours with Zanzibar’s blue.", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Tanzania" }, { "source": "zanzibar", "target": "tz", "type": "documented", "note": "Zanzibar’s blue was incorporated into the union flag.", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Tanzania" }, { "source": "weimar", "target": "nazi", "type": "redesign", "note": "The Nazi state displaced the democratic tricolour. Its swastika flag became the sole national flag in 1935.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/de193345.html" }, { "source": "germanempire", "target": "nazi", "type": "documented", "note": "The Nazi design reused imperial black, white and red with a different emblem and arrangement.", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Nazi_Germany" }, { "source": "nazi", "target": "de", "type": "redesign", "note": "After the war and occupation, the Federal Republic restored black-red-gold in 1949.", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Germany" }, { "source": "qing", "target": "china1912", "type": "redesign", "note": "The early republic replaced the Qing dragon banner with a five-colour national flag.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/cn-nqta.html" }, { "source": "china1912", "target": "rocmainland", "type": "redesign", "note": "The Nationalist government adopted the blue-sky, white-sun, red-field national flag in 1928.", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China" }, { "source": "ottoman", "target": "tr", "type": "documented", "note": "The Turkish Republic retained the late Ottoman flag’s principal design.", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Turkey" }, { "source": "gb", "target": "ca-bc", "type": "documented", "note": "The provincial banner incorporates the Union Flag from its coat of arms.", "url": "https://www2.gov.bc.ca/gov/content/governments/celebrating-british-columbia/symbols-of-bc" }, { "source": "canadaold", "target": "ca-on", "type": "documented", "note": "Ontario retained the Canadian Red Ensign design with provincial arms.", "url": "https://www.gg.ca/en/heraldry/public-register/project/2090" }, { "source": "canadaold", "target": "ca-mb", "type": "documented", "note": "Manitoba preserved the Canadian Red Ensign format with the provincial shield.", "url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/canadian-heritage/services/provincial-territorial-symbols-canada/manitoba.html" }, { "source": "gb-sct", "target": "ca-ns", "type": "documented", "note": "The arms and flag reverse the colours of Scotland’s St Andrew cross.", "url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/canadian-heritage/services/provincial-territorial-symbols-canada/nova-scotia.html" }, { "source": "blueensign", "target": "au-nsw", "type": "documented", "note": "A local badge distinguishes the British blue ensign.", "url": "https://www.pmc.gov.au/resources/australian-flags-booklet/part-3-other-official-flags-australia/state-and-territory-flags" }, { "source": "blueensign", "target": "au-vic", "type": "documented", "note": "A local badge distinguishes the British blue ensign.", "url": "https://www.pmc.gov.au/resources/australian-flags-booklet/part-3-other-official-flags-australia/state-and-territory-flags" }, { "source": "blueensign", "target": "au-qld", "type": "documented", "note": "A local badge distinguishes the British blue ensign.", "url": "https://www.pmc.gov.au/resources/australian-flags-booklet/part-3-other-official-flags-australia/state-and-territory-flags" }, { "source": "blueensign", "target": "au-sa", "type": "documented", "note": "A local badge distinguishes the British blue ensign.", "url": "https://www.pmc.gov.au/resources/australian-flags-booklet/part-3-other-official-flags-australia/state-and-territory-flags" }, { "source": "blueensign", "target": "au-wa", "type": "documented", "note": "A local badge distinguishes the British blue ensign.", "url": "https://www.pmc.gov.au/resources/australian-flags-booklet/part-3-other-official-flags-australia/state-and-territory-flags" }, { "source": "blueensign", "target": "au-tas", "type": "documented", "note": "A local badge distinguishes the British blue ensign.", "url": "https://www.pmc.gov.au/resources/australian-flags-booklet/part-3-other-official-flags-australia/state-and-territory-flags" }, { "source": "gb", "target": "es-pv", "type": "similarity", "note": "The overlapping cross and saltire resemble the Union Flag; the Basque symbols have their own recorded meanings.", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_the_Basque_Country" }, { "source": "us", "target": "fr-bre", "type": "documented", "note": "Marchal adapted the US flag’s striped field and canton, using Breton colours and ermine.", "url": "https://bcd.bzh/becedia/en/just-how-traditional-is-the-gwenn-ha-du-flag" }, { "source": "majapahit", "target": "id-jack", "type": "probable", "note": "The naval jack is traditionally associated with an attributed Majapahit banner; the precise medieval design is disputed.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/id~jack.html" }, { "source": "majapahit", "target": "id", "type": "probable", "note": "Indonesian red and white are traditionally linked with Majapahit colours; the form of the medieval banner is debated.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/id.html" }, { "source": "majapahit", "target": "eastindia", "type": "probable", "note": "Unconfirmed claim: online accounts propose Majapahit borrowing. This relationship is unsubstantiated; surviving evidence also places striped ensigns in English maritime practice.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/gb-eic2.html", "confidence": "unconfirmed", "claimSource": "https://levels.io/us-flag-stripes-from-indonesia-majapahit", "label": "Unconfirmed claim" }, { "source": "california1846", "target": "us-ca", "type": "redesign", "note": "The 1911 state flag revived and adapted the Bear Flag’s bear, star, stripe and republic inscription.", "url": "https://capitolmuseum.ca.gov/state-symbols/flag/" }, { "source": "texas1836", "target": "us-tx", "type": "redesign", "note": "The Lone Star design replaced the Burnet flag as the Texas national flag in January 1839.", "url": "https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/flags-of-texas" }, { "source": "mississippi1894", "target": "us-ms", "type": "redesign", "note": "The former design was retired in 2020; the Magnolia flag was ratified in January 2021.", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Mississippi" }, { "source": "confederatebattle", "target": "mississippi1894", "type": "documented", "note": "The 1894 Mississippi flag incorporated the Confederate battle emblem in its canton.", "url": "https://www.mdah.ms.gov/news/state-flag-commission-picks-new-magnolia-flag-november-ballot" }, { "source": "brittanyermine", "target": "fr-bre", "type": "documented", "note": "The modern canton preserves Brittany’s ducal ermine emblem.", "url": "https://bcd.bzh/becedia/en/just-how-traditional-is-the-gwenn-ha-du-flag" }, { "source": "brittanycross", "target": "fr-bre", "type": "family", "note": "Earlier Breton flag in the same regional tradition; no literal transformation of the cross into stripes is asserted.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/fr-bz-du.html" }, { "source": "belgrano", "target": "ar", "type": "redesign", "note": "Belgrano introduced the white-and-blue flag tradition in 1812. The plain triband was adopted in 1816 and the sun added in 1818; the particular earliest layout remains uncertain.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/ar.html" }, { "source": "cyrenaica", "target": "libya1951", "type": "documented", "note": "Libya’s independence flag preserved the black field and crescent-and-star of Idris’s Cyrenaican flag within a new red-black-green tricolour. The 1951 design returned in 2011.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/ly_1951.html" }, { "source": "communered", "target": "ussr", "type": "documented", "note": "The Soviet red field continues the socialist red-banner tradition through the Russian Revolution.", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_flag_(politics)" }, { "source": "communered", "target": "bf", "type": "documented", "note": "The 1984 revolutionary authorities assigned red to revolutionary struggle and the star to the guidance of the revolution.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/bf.html" }, { "source": "abbasidblack", "target": "arabrevolt", "type": "documented", "note": "The Arab Revolt palette deliberately recalls this dynastic colour in its historical symbolism.", "url": "https://rhc.jo/en/the-hashemite-flags" }, { "source": "umayyadwhite", "target": "arabrevolt", "type": "documented", "note": "The Arab Revolt palette deliberately recalls this dynastic colour in its historical symbolism.", "url": "https://rhc.jo/en/the-hashemite-flags" }, { "source": "fatimidgreen", "target": "arabrevolt", "type": "probable", "note": "Later Pan-Arab symbolism assigns green to the Fatimids; historical accounts of Fatimid dynastic colours differ.", "url": "https://rhc.jo/en/the-hashemite-flags" }, { "source": "hashemitered", "target": "arabrevolt", "type": "documented", "note": "The Arab Revolt palette deliberately recalls this dynastic colour in its historical symbolism.", "url": "https://rhc.jo/en/the-hashemite-flags" }, { "source": "arabclub", "target": "arabrevolt", "type": "probable", "note": "A reported pre-Revolt arrangement in the developing Pan-Arab colour tradition; specific transmission to the final design is less certain than the shared palette.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/xo-arabc.html" }, { "source": "youngarabs", "target": "arabrevolt", "type": "probable", "note": "A reported pre-Revolt arrangement in the developing Pan-Arab colour tradition; specific transmission to the final design is less certain than the shared palette.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/xo-arabc.html" }, { "source": "johor", "target": "malaya", "type": "probable", "note": "Hamzah’s Malayan design is reported to have drawn on Johor’s crescent-and-star canton. The modern federation design also went through a public competition and revisions.", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Malaysia" }, { "source": "malaya", "target": "my", "type": "redesign", "note": "In 1963 the federation flag expanded from eleven to fourteen stripes and star points.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/my1950.html" }, { "source": "mw1964", "target": "malawiold", "type": "redesign", "note": "The 2010 redesign replaced the rising sun with a full white sun.", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Malawi" }, { "source": "libya1951", "target": "libya1969", "type": "redesign", "note": "The republic replaced the monarchy’s flag in 1969.", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Libya" }, { "source": "liberation", "target": "libya1969", "type": "documented", "note": "The new republic adopted the Arab Liberation red-white-black pattern.", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Libya" }, { "source": "libya1951", "target": "ly", "type": "documented", "note": "The independence design returned in 2011.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/ly_1951.html" }, { "source": "union1606", "target": "eastindia", "type": "documented", "note": "The company ensign shown here incorporates the Union canton adopted after the 1707 union. Later company ensigns used the 1801 Union Flag.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/gb-eic.html" }, { "source": "fr", "target": "ad", "type": "documented", "note": "French blue and the vertical tricolour arrangement combine with Andorra’s Catalan red and yellow.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/ad.html" }, { "source": "es-ct", "target": "ad", "type": "family", "note": "Andorra’s red and yellow belong to the Catalan heraldic tradition.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/ad.html" }, { "source": "germany1848", "target": "weimar", "type": "documented", "note": "The republic revived the liberal movement’s black-red-gold in 1919.", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Germany" }, { "source": "nl", "target": "lu", "type": "probable", "note": "Dutch influence is a disputed explanation of the similar tricolours. Luxembourg also traces its colours to its own dynastic arms.", "url": "https://luxembourg.public.lu/en/emoxies/drapeau.html" }, { "source": "us", "target": "ph", "type": "documented", "note": "The 1898 Declaration of Independence explicitly says the blue, red and white commemorate the United States flag.", "url": "https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Philippine_Declaration_of_Independence" }, { "source": "cu", "target": "ph", "type": "probable", "note": "Historians have proposed Cuban influence on the original colours and design; the precise borrowing remains debated.", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_the_Philippines" }, { "source": "ar", "target": "ph", "type": "probable", "note": "The face-bearing sun in early Philippine flags is associated with the Argentine and Uruguayan Sun of May tradition.", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_the_Philippines" }, { "source": "ottoman", "target": "km", "type": "family", "note": "Shares the Islamic crescent-and-star or crescent tradition; the country’s specific emblem and national symbolism have their own history.", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_and_crescent" }, { "source": "ottoman", "target": "mv", "type": "family", "note": "Shares the Islamic crescent-and-star or crescent tradition; the country’s specific emblem and national symbolism have their own history.", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_and_crescent" }, { "source": "ottoman", "target": "my", "type": "family", "note": "Shares the Islamic crescent-and-star or crescent tradition; the country’s specific emblem and national symbolism have their own history.", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_and_crescent" }, { "source": "ottoman", "target": "tm", "type": "family", "note": "Shares the Islamic crescent-and-star or crescent tradition; the country’s specific emblem and national symbolism have their own history.", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_and_crescent" }, { "source": "ottoman", "target": "uz", "type": "family", "note": "Shares the Islamic crescent-and-star or crescent tradition; the country’s specific emblem and national symbolism have their own history.", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_and_crescent" }, { "source": "ethiopian", "target": "gw", "type": "family", "note": "Shares the Pan-African palette, adapted to national or liberation-movement symbolism.", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan-African_colours" }, { "source": "ethiopian", "target": "mz", "type": "family", "note": "Shares the Pan-African palette, adapted to national or liberation-movement symbolism.", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan-African_colours" }, { "source": "ethiopian", "target": "zw", "type": "family", "note": "Shares the broader Pan-African colour vocabulary; national accounts give these colours additional local meanings.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/xf-evltn.html" }, { "source": "ethiopian", "target": "zm", "type": "family", "note": "Shares the Pan-African palette, adapted to national or liberation-movement symbolism.", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan-African_colours" }, { "source": "ethiopian", "target": "ug", "type": "family", "note": "Shares the broader Pan-African colour vocabulary; national accounts give these colours additional local meanings.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/xf-evltn.html" }, { "source": "ethiopian", "target": "rwandaold", "type": "documented", "note": "The old Rwandan tricolour adopted the Ethiopian-associated Pan-African palette.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/x-panaf.html" }, { "source": "ethiopian", "target": "zaire", "type": "family", "note": "Shares the broader Pan-African colour vocabulary; national accounts give these colours additional local meanings.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/xf-evltn.html" }, { "source": "ethiopian", "target": "gd", "type": "probable", "note": "The Grenada United Labour Party’s account attributes the red-gold-green palette to Ethiopia through Pan-African colours. Official national-symbol descriptions emphasize the colours’ local meanings.", "url": "https://gulpgrenada.com/grenada-flag/" }, { "source": "ethiopian", "target": "gy", "type": "family", "note": "Shares the broader Pan-African colour vocabulary; national accounts give these colours additional local meanings.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/xf-evltn.html" }, { "source": "ethiopian", "target": "unia", "type": "family", "note": "Two central Pan-African colour traditions: Ethiopian green-yellow-red and Garvey’s red-black-green.", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan-African_colours" }, { "source": "unia", "target": "anc", "type": "family", "note": "Related Pan-African and liberation-movement colour traditions; ANC black-green-gold was adopted in 1925.", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan-African_colours" }, { "source": "communered", "target": "cn", "type": "documented", "note": "The flag adopts red as a revolutionary or socialist political colour. This records the transmission of that symbolism.", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_flag_(politics)" }, { "source": "communered", "target": "vn", "type": "documented", "note": "The flag adopts red as a revolutionary or socialist political colour. This records the transmission of that symbolism.", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_flag_(politics)" }, { "source": "communered", "target": "kp", "type": "documented", "note": "The flag adopts red as a revolutionary or socialist political colour. This records the transmission of that symbolism.", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_flag_(politics)" }, { "source": "communered", "target": "la", "type": "family", "note": "Uses the revolutionary or socialist red-banner tradition, adapted to the national movement.", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_flag_(politics)" }, { "source": "communered", "target": "mn", "type": "family", "note": "Uses the revolutionary or socialist red-banner tradition, adapted to the national movement.", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_flag_(politics)" }, { "source": "communered", "target": "tl", "type": "family", "note": "Uses the revolutionary or socialist red-banner tradition, adapted to the national movement.", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_flag_(politics)" }, { "source": "au", "target": "pg", "type": "family", "note": "Papua New Guinea’s Southern Cross expresses links with Australia and other South Pacific nations.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/pg.html" }, { "source": "au", "target": "ws", "type": "family", "note": "Shares the Southern Cross constellation as a national or regional emblem.", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flags_depicting_the_Southern_Cross" }, { "source": "au", "target": "br", "type": "family", "note": "Shares the Southern Cross constellation as a national or regional emblem.", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flags_depicting_the_Southern_Cross" }, { "source": "us-mn-1983", "target": "us-mn", "type": "redesign", "note": "The newer design replaced this earlier flag.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/us-mn.html" }, { "source": "us-ut-2011", "target": "us-ut", "type": "redesign", "note": "The newer design replaced this earlier flag.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/us-ut.html" }, { "source": "us-la-1912", "target": "us-la", "type": "redesign", "note": "The newer design replaced this earlier flag.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/us-la.html" }, { "source": "us", "target": "texasnavy1836", "type": "documented", "note": "The 1836 naval ensign used the American canton-and-thirteen-stripes layout with one star.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/us-tx.html" }, { "source": "us", "target": "us-la-1861", "type": "documented", "note": "The 1861 Louisiana flag followed the U.S. flag’s canton-and-thirteen-stripes structure.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/us-la.html" }, { "source": "fr", "target": "us-ia", "type": "documented", "note": "Iowa’s blue-white-red tricolour intentionally recalls the territory’s French history.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/us-ia.html" }, { "source": "gb", "target": "ca-nl", "type": "documented", "note": "Pratt’s blue triangles recall the Union flag and the province’s British heritage.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/ca-nl.html" }, { "source": "ca", "target": "ca-nt", "type": "family", "note": "The broad central white band follows the Canadian pale design convention.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/ca-nt.html" }, { "source": "de", "target": "de-ni", "type": "documented", "note": "The state flag places its regional arms on Germany’s black-red-gold tricolour.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/de-ni.html" }, { "source": "germany1848", "target": "de-rp", "type": "documented", "note": "Rhineland-Palatinate adopted the established German black-red-gold tradition in 1947, adding the new state arms.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/de-rp.html" }, { "source": "de", "target": "de-sl", "type": "documented", "note": "The state flag places its regional arms on Germany’s black-red-gold tricolour.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/de-sa.html" }, { "source": "de-he", "target": "de-th", "type": "family", "note": "The striped lions share medieval Thuringian heraldic ancestry; neither modern flag is presented as the other’s descendant.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/de-th.html" }, { "source": "de-sn", "target": "de-st", "type": "family", "note": "The shields share the Saxon black-gold stripes and green crancelin through regional heraldic history.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/de-sy.html" }, { "source": "de-hb", "target": "de-hh", "type": "family", "note": "Both cities continue the red-white Hanseatic colour tradition.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/de-hh.html" }, { "source": "us", "target": "confederatefirst", "type": "documented", "note": "The Stars and Bars retained the American flag’s star canton and striped composition, simplifying the stripes to three broad bars.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/us-csa1.html" }, { "source": "confederatefirst", "target": "us-ga", "type": "documented", "note": "Georgia’s 2003 flag uses the first Confederate national flag’s three bars and star-ringed blue canton, adding the state arms.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/us-ga.html" }, { "source": "confederatefirst", "target": "confederatebattle", "type": "redesign", "note": "Confusion between the Stars and Bars and U.S. colours in battle prompted adoption of a distinct saltire battle flag; the national and battle designs served different roles.", "url": "https://www.nps.gov/anti/learn/historyculture/flags.htm" }, { "source": "prussiancolours", "target": "germanempire", "type": "documented", "note": "The imperial black-white-red combines Prussia’s black and white with the Hanseatic cities’ white and red.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/de.html" }, { "source": "de-hh", "target": "germanempire", "type": "family", "note": "The Hanseatic white-red colours, exemplified by Hamburg, contributed to the German Empire’s palette.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/de.html" }, { "source": "kau", "target": "kanu", "type": "documented", "note": "KANU inherited the earlier KAU black-red-green flag tradition.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/ke}kanu.html" }, { "source": "kanu", "target": "ke", "type": "documented", "note": "Kenya retained the KANU black-red-green palette, adding white divisions and a national shield-and-spears emblem at independence.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/ke.html" }, { "source": "mcp", "target": "mw1964", "type": "documented", "note": "Malawi’s 1964 flag added a rising sun to the party’s black-red-green triband.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/mw-01.html" }, { "source": "mpla", "target": "ao", "type": "documented", "note": "Angola retained the MPLA red-over-black field and yellow central symbolism, adding a cogwheel and machete.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/ao.html" }, { "source": "anc", "target": "frelimo", "type": "probable", "note": "Vexillologist William Crampton identifies the ANC flag as an influence on FRELIMO’s original palette and arrangement.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/mz}flm.html" }, { "source": "frelimo", "target": "mz", "type": "documented", "note": "Mozambique’s current flag returned to the earlier FRELIMO layout in 1983, adding the yellow star and national emblem.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/mz_old.html" }, { "source": "swapo", "target": "na", "type": "documented", "note": "Namibia’s designers retained SWAPO’s blue, red and green among the national colours, combining influences from other submitted designs.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/na.html" }, { "source": "paigc", "target": "gw", "type": "documented", "note": "Guinea-Bissau adopted the party’s red-hoist, yellow-green field and black star without the party initials.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/gw.html" }, { "source": "paigc", "target": "cv1975", "type": "documented", "note": "Cape Verde’s original flag adapted the common PAIGC design, adding a wreath, maize and shell device around the star.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/cv_1975.html" }, { "source": "cv1975", "target": "cv", "type": "redesign", "note": "Cape Verde replaced its independence flag in 1992 with the blue design and ten-star circle.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/cv.html" }, { "source": "gulfred", "target": "bh", "type": "documented", "note": "Bahrain’s red flag acquired a white hoist band after the 1820 maritime treaty, followed later by serrations.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/bh_hist.html" }, { "source": "gulfred", "target": "qa", "type": "documented", "note": "Qatar also developed from a plain red flag, later differentiated by a white serrated hoist and maroon field; exact early chronology varies.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/qa_his.html" }, { "source": "unia", "target": "kanu", "type": "family", "note": "Shared black-red-green Pan-African movement palette.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/us-afro.html" }, { "source": "unia", "target": "mcp", "type": "probable", "note": "The movement uses the Garvey red-black-green palette. The specific organisational route of borrowing is less well documented.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/vxt-dv-g.html" }, { "source": "syria1932", "target": "sy", "type": "documented", "note": "The authorities restored the green-white-black independence design after 2024.", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Syria" }, { "source": "syria1932", "target": "uar", "type": "redesign", "note": "Union with Egypt in 1958 replaced the independence flag with the United Arab Republic design.", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Syria" }, { "source": "id", "target": "sg", "type": "family", "note": "A shared regional red-over-white arrangement. Singapore’s designer explicitly considered how to distinguish the new flag from Indonesia’s.", "url": "https://www.nhb.gov.sg/what-we-do/our-work/community-engagement/education/resources/national-symbols/national-flag" }, { "source": "id-jack", "target": "malaya", "type": "family", "note": "Red-and-white striped fields occur in both maritime and national designs in the region; a direct Majapahit borrowing remains unestablished.", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Malaysia" }, { "source": "us-ct", "target": "us-ks", "type": "family", "note": "Shared state-arms or seal-on-blue flag tradition.", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flags_of_the_U.S._states_and_territories" }, { "source": "us-ks", "target": "us-ky", "type": "family", "note": "Shared state-arms or seal-on-blue flag tradition.", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flags_of_the_U.S._states_and_territories" }, { "source": "us-ky", "target": "us-me", "type": "family", "note": "Shared state-arms or seal-on-blue flag tradition.", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flags_of_the_U.S._states_and_territories" }, { "source": "us-me", "target": "us-mi", "type": "family", "note": "Shared state-arms or seal-on-blue flag tradition.", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flags_of_the_U.S._states_and_territories" }, { "source": "us-mi", "target": "us-ne", "type": "family", "note": "Shared state-arms or seal-on-blue flag tradition.", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flags_of_the_U.S._states_and_territories" }, { "source": "us-ne", "target": "us-nh", "type": "family", "note": "Shared state-arms or seal-on-blue flag tradition.", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flags_of_the_U.S._states_and_territories" }, { "source": "us-nh", "target": "us-ny", "type": "family", "note": "Shared state-arms or seal-on-blue flag tradition.", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flags_of_the_U.S._states_and_territories" }, { "source": "us-ny", "target": "us-nd", "type": "family", "note": "Shared state-arms or seal-on-blue flag tradition.", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flags_of_the_U.S._states_and_territories" }, { "source": "us-nd", "target": "us-or", "type": "family", "note": "Shared state-arms or seal-on-blue flag tradition.", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flags_of_the_U.S._states_and_territories" }, { "source": "us-or", "target": "us-pa", "type": "family", "note": "Shared state-arms or seal-on-blue flag tradition.", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flags_of_the_U.S._states_and_territories" }, { "source": "us-pa", "target": "us-sd", "type": "family", "note": "Shared state-arms or seal-on-blue flag tradition.", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flags_of_the_U.S._states_and_territories" }, { "source": "us-sd", "target": "us-va", "type": "family", "note": "Shared state-arms or seal-on-blue flag tradition.", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flags_of_the_U.S._states_and_territories" }, { "source": "us-va", "target": "us-vt", "type": "family", "note": "Shared state-arms or seal-on-blue flag tradition.", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flags_of_the_U.S._states_and_territories" }, { "source": "us-vt", "target": "us-wi", "type": "family", "note": "Shared state-arms or seal-on-blue flag tradition.", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flags_of_the_U.S._states_and_territories" }, { "source": "us-wi", "target": "us-mn-1983", "type": "family", "note": "Shared state-arms or seal-on-blue flag tradition.", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flags_of_the_U.S._states_and_territories" }, { "source": "us-mn-1983", "target": "us-ut-2011", "type": "family", "note": "Shared state-arms or seal-on-blue flag tradition.", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flags_of_the_U.S._states_and_territories" }, { "source": "communered", "target": "rsfsr1918", "type": "documented", "note": "The Bolsheviks adopted the established revolutionary red flag, adding the republic’s initials.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/su-ru_h.html" }, { "source": "rsfsr1918", "target": "rsfsr1954", "type": "redesign", "note": "The 1954 design replaced the earlier lettering-based Soviet Russian flags.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/su-ru.html" }, { "source": "ussr", "target": "rsfsr1954", "type": "documented", "note": "Republican flags were redesigned around the USSR’s flag, with distinctive local additions.", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_the_Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic" }, { "source": "communered", "target": "congo1970", "type": "documented", "note": "The flag adopts red as a revolutionary or socialist political colour. This records the transmission of that symbolism.", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_flag_(politics)" }, { "source": "communered", "target": "benin1975", "type": "documented", "note": "The flag adopts red as a revolutionary or socialist political colour. This records the transmission of that symbolism.", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_flag_(politics)" }, { "source": "bj1959", "target": "benin1975", "type": "redesign", "note": "The socialist government introduced a new national design.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/bj-prb.html" }, { "source": "benin1975", "target": "bj", "type": "redesign", "note": "The independence design was restored after the socialist period.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/bj-prb.html" }, { "source": "bj1959", "target": "bj", "type": "documented", "note": "Restoration of the earlier independence design.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/bj-prb.html" }, { "source": "cg1959", "target": "congo1970", "type": "redesign", "note": "The socialist government introduced a new national design.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/cg_prc.html" }, { "source": "congo1970", "target": "cg", "type": "redesign", "note": "The independence design was restored after the socialist period.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/cg_prc.html" }, { "source": "cg1959", "target": "cg", "type": "documented", "note": "Restoration of the earlier independence design.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/cg_prc.html" }, { "source": "us", "target": "us-oh", "type": "documented", "note": "John Eisenmann adapted American stripes, national colours and state-count stars to a swallowtailed burgee.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/us-oh.html" }, { "source": "us", "target": "us-mo", "type": "documented", "note": "Missouri deliberately uses the three colours of the United States flag, with a statehood ring of stars.", "url": "https://www.sos.mo.gov/symbol/flag" }, { "source": "us", "target": "us-co", "type": "documented", "note": "Colorado law explicitly specifies the red and blue of the national flag for its C and stripes.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/us-co.html" }, { "source": "us", "target": "us-ar", "type": "documented", "note": "The American red-white-blue palette and state-count stars combine with Arkansas’s diamond emblem.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/us-ar.html" }, { "source": "us", "target": "us-tx", "type": "probable", "note": "The Lone Star flag belongs to the American canton-and-stripes family. Its precise designer and immediate model remain uncertain.", "url": "https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/flags-of-texas" }, { "source": "confederatebattle", "target": "us-al", "type": "probable", "note": "Historians identify Confederate battle colours as a likely model for Alabama’s red saltire; the precise design route is debated.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/us-fl.html" }, { "source": "confederatebattle", "target": "us-fl", "type": "probable", "note": "Confederate battle-flag influence is reported in vexillological histories; the official account stresses distinguishing the former white flag from surrender.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/us-fl.html" }, { "source": "lr", "target": "tg", "type": "probable", "note": "Flag references propose Liberia as a model for the striped field and lone-star canton. Ahyi’s published account explains the design through local symbolism.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/tg.html", "claimSource": "https://nationalcapitalflag.com/togo-flag-grommets/" }, { "source": "dk", "target": "se", "type": "probable", "note": "The Nordic Council describes Denmark as the probable model; Sweden’s precise flag origin remains unknown.", "url": "https://www.norden.org/en/information/swedish-flag" }, { "source": "dk", "target": "fi", "type": "documented", "note": "Finland adopted the established Nordic cross layout in its national blue and white.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/fi.html" }, { "source": "is", "target": "fo", "type": "documented", "note": "The Faroese designers followed the Icelandic and Norwegian cross tradition, rearranging its red, white and blue.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/fo.html" }, { "source": "fr", "target": "germany1848", "type": "probable", "note": "The French revolutionary tricolour provided a political flag model for German liberal nationalism. Black-red-gold had separate German student and military origins.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/de1848.html" }, { "source": "fr", "target": "mx", "type": "probable", "note": "Vexillological taxonomies place Mexico’s vertical arrangement in the French tricolour family; the Mexican colours came from the Three Guarantees.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/xf-evltn.html" }, { "source": "fr", "target": "py", "type": "documented", "note": "Paraguay adopted French revolutionary colours as symbols of liberation, arranging them horizontally.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/py.html" }, { "source": "fr", "target": "frenchroyal", "type": "redesign", "note": "The Bourbon Restoration replaced the revolutionary tricolour with royal white in 1814; the tricolour returned in 1830.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/fr_rest.html" }, { "source": "weimar", "target": "gdr", "type": "documented", "note": "East Germany restored Weimar black-red-gold in 1949 and added the national emblem in 1959.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/de-ddr.html" }, { "source": "nazi", "target": "gdr", "type": "redesign", "note": "The East German republic adopted black-red-gold after the Nazi period and Allied occupation; the later emblem-bearing version is shown.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/de-ddr.html" }, { "source": "weimar", "target": "de", "type": "documented", "note": "The Federal Republic restored Weimar black-red-gold in 1949 and retained it at reunification.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/de.html" }, { "source": "arabrevolt", "target": "liberation", "type": "documented", "note": "The Arab Liberation flag reorganised red, white and black from the Arab Revolt colour tradition for the Egyptian revolution.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/xo-arabc.html" }, { "source": "arabrevolt", "target": "syria1932", "type": "documented", "note": "Syria’s independence flag used the established pan-Arab colours with three red stars for its principal regions.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/sy-his.html" }, { "source": "arabrevolt", "target": "libya1951", "type": "documented", "note": "The independence design combines the Pan-Arab palette with Cyrenaica’s black field and crescent-star emblem.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/ly_1951.html" }, { "source": "libya1969", "target": "libyagreen", "type": "redesign", "note": "The republican tricolour was eventually replaced by the plain green flag in 1977, after the intervening Federation of Arab Republics emblem.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/xo-arabc.html" }, { "source": "eu", "target": "xk", "type": "documented", "note": "Kosovo’s blue and gold express Euro-Atlantic aspirations; its six stars represent communities.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/ks.html" }, { "source": "eu", "target": "cv", "type": "similarity", "note": "Both use a circle of gold stars on blue. Cape Verde’s stars represent its islands; a direct European design model is unverified.", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Cape_Verde" }, { "source": "au-vic", "target": "au-nt", "type": "documented", "note": "The Northern Territory used Victoria’s distinctive Southern Cross star-point counts in its new territorial design.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/au-nt.html" }, { "source": "au-nt", "target": "au-act", "type": "documented", "note": "Ivo Ostyn’s ACT flag followed the Northern Territory’s Southern Cross hoist-panel arrangement.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/au-act.html" }, { "source": "us", "target": "malaya", "type": "probable", "note": "The federal stripes-and-canton model is a reported American influence; competing accounts emphasise Johor and regional maritime designs.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/my.html" }, { "source": "gb", "target": "malaya", "type": "documented", "note": "The final Malayan design adopted red, white and blue; historical descriptions link the blue to Britain and the Commonwealth.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/my.html" }, { "source": "gh", "target": "gn", "type": "documented", "note": "Guinea adopted Ghana’s Pan-African palette vertically, identifying it with continued African emancipation.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/gn.html" }, { "source": "ethiopian", "target": "cm", "type": "documented", "note": "The design adopts Ethiopian-associated Pan-African colours, alongside its own national symbolism.", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan-African_colours" }, { "source": "ethiopian", "target": "sn", "type": "documented", "note": "The design adopts Ethiopian-associated Pan-African colours, alongside its own national symbolism.", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan-African_colours" }, { "source": "ethiopian", "target": "ml", "type": "documented", "note": "The design adopts Ethiopian-associated Pan-African colours, alongside its own national symbolism.", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan-African_colours" }, { "source": "ethiopian", "target": "bj1959", "type": "documented", "note": "The design adopts Ethiopian-associated Pan-African colours, alongside its own national symbolism.", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan-African_colours" }, { "source": "ethiopian", "target": "cg1959", "type": "documented", "note": "The design adopts Ethiopian-associated Pan-African colours, alongside its own national symbolism.", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan-African_colours" }, { "source": "ethiopian", "target": "bf", "type": "documented", "note": "The design adopts Ethiopian-associated Pan-African colours, alongside its own national symbolism.", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan-African_colours" }, { "source": "ethiopian", "target": "tg", "type": "documented", "note": "The design adopts Ethiopian-associated Pan-African colours, alongside its own national symbolism.", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan-African_colours" }, { "source": "ethiopian", "target": "st", "type": "documented", "note": "The design adopts Ethiopian-associated Pan-African colours, alongside its own national symbolism.", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan-African_colours" }, { "source": "ethiopian", "target": "cf", "type": "documented", "note": "The design adopts Ethiopian-associated Pan-African colours, alongside its own national symbolism.", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan-African_colours" }, { "source": "ethiopian", "target": "jm", "type": "family", "note": "Shares the broader Pan-African colour vocabulary; national accounts give these colours additional local meanings.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/xf-evltn.html" }, { "source": "vn", "target": "vietcong", "type": "documented", "note": "The southern revolutionary flag retained the northern movement’s yellow star and red, adding blue below.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/vn-vcong.html" }, { "source": "us-ut-2011", "target": "us-id", "type": "family", "note": "Shared state-arms or seal-on-blue convention.", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flags_of_the_U.S._states_and_territories" }, { "source": "us-id", "target": "us-mt", "type": "family", "note": "Shared state-arms or seal-on-blue convention.", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flags_of_the_U.S._states_and_territories" }, { "source": "us-mt", "target": "us-nv", "type": "family", "note": "Shared state-arms or seal-on-blue convention.", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flags_of_the_U.S._states_and_territories" }, { "source": "us-nv", "target": "us-wv", "type": "family", "note": "Shared state-arms or seal-on-blue convention.", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flags_of_the_U.S._states_and_territories" }, { "source": "us-wv", "target": "us-wy", "type": "family", "note": "Shared state-arms or seal-on-blue convention.", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flags_of_the_U.S._states_and_territories" }, { "source": "french-white", "target": "fr", "type": "documented", "note": "The revolutionary tricolour combined royal white with Parisian blue and red.", "url": "https://www.elysee.fr/en/french-presidency/the-french-flag" }, { "source": "french-white", "target": "frenchroyal", "type": "documented", "note": "The Bourbon Restoration revived royal white as the national and naval flag.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/fr~mon.html" }, { "source": "french-civil-ensign", "target": "carillon-1902", "type": "documented", "note": "The Carillon flag drew on French white-cross and blue-field traditions, adding fleurs-de-lis.", "url": "https://www.quebec.ca/gouvernement/portrait-quebec/drapeau-symboles-nationaux/drapeau/histoire" }, { "source": "carillon-1902", "target": "ca-qc", "type": "redesign", "note": "Quebec adopted the fleurdelisé in 1948, rotating the fleurs-de-lis into an upright position.", "url": "https://www.patrimoine-culturel.gouv.qc.ca/rpcq/detail.do?id=197096&methode=consulter&type=bien" }, { "source": "burgundy-cross", "target": "us-al", "type": "probable", "note": "Spanish Burgundy-cross influence has been proposed for the red saltire. Confederate models are also reported; the Spanish derivation is unconfirmed.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/us-fl.html" }, { "source": "burgundy-cross", "target": "us-fl", "type": "probable", "note": "Spanish Burgundy-cross influence has been proposed for the red saltire. Confederate models are also reported; the Spanish derivation is unconfirmed.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/us-fl.html" }, { "source": "ussr", "target": "kazakh-ssr", "type": "documented", "note": "The republican flag retained the Soviet red field, hammer and sickle, and star while adding distinctive bands.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/su-kz.html" }, { "source": "kazakh-ssr", "target": "kz", "type": "redesign", "note": "The independent republic adopted a new national design after the Soviet period.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/kz.html" }, { "source": "ussr", "target": "kyrgyz-ssr", "type": "documented", "note": "The republican flag retained the Soviet red field, hammer and sickle, and star while adding distinctive bands.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/su-kg.html" }, { "source": "kyrgyz-ssr", "target": "kg", "type": "redesign", "note": "The independent republic adopted a new national design after the Soviet period.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/kg.html" }, { "source": "ussr", "target": "uzbek-ssr", "type": "documented", "note": "The republican flag retained the Soviet red field, hammer and sickle, and star while adding distinctive bands.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/su-uz.html" }, { "source": "uzbek-ssr", "target": "uz", "type": "redesign", "note": "The independent republic adopted a new national design after the Soviet period.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/uz.html" }, { "source": "ussr", "target": "turkmen-ssr", "type": "documented", "note": "The republican flag retained the Soviet red field, hammer and sickle, and star while adding distinctive bands.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/su-tm.html" }, { "source": "turkmen-ssr", "target": "tm", "type": "redesign", "note": "The independent republic adopted a new national design after the Soviet period.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/tm.html" }, { "source": "ussr", "target": "tajik-ssr", "type": "documented", "note": "The republican flag retained the Soviet red field, hammer and sickle, and star while adding distinctive bands.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/su-tj.html" }, { "source": "tajik-ssr", "target": "tj", "type": "redesign", "note": "The independent republic adopted a new national design after the Soviet period.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/tj.html" }, { "source": "iranold", "target": "tj", "type": "probable", "note": "Vexillologist Whitney Smith connects Tajikistan’s red-white-green with Iran and their close cultural ties; the same colours also continued from the Tajik SSR.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/tj.html" }, { "source": "tr", "target": "east-turkestan", "type": "documented", "note": "The modern Kök Bayraq uses the Turkish crescent-and-star arrangement on a blue field.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/cn-islam.html" }, { "source": "muslim-league", "target": "pk", "type": "documented", "note": "Pakistan adapted the Muslim League’s green crescent-and-star flag, adding white to represent religious minorities.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/pk.html" }, { "source": "ottoman", "target": "muslim-league", "type": "probable", "note": "An Ottoman route is proposed for the Muslim League’s crescent-and-star emblem; the precise transmission is less certain than Pakistan’s direct adaptation.", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Pakistan" }, { "source": "ottoman", "target": "tn", "type": "documented", "note": "Tunisia adapted the contemporary Ottoman red crescent-and-star flag in the nineteenth century, placing a red emblem within a white disk.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/tn.html" }, { "source": "ru", "target": "slovak1868", "type": "documented", "note": "Slovak nationalism adopted the Russian-associated pan-Slavic colours, alongside the older local red and white.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/sk.html" }, { "source": "slovak1868", "target": "sk", "type": "documented", "note": "Slovakia revived its older national triband, adding the arms in 1992 to distinguish it from Russia.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/sk.html" }, { "source": "slovak1868", "target": "czechoslovakia", "type": "documented", "note": "The blue triangle represented Slovakia, added to the older Bohemian white-red bicolour.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/sk.html" }, { "source": "czechoslovakia", "target": "sk", "type": "redesign", "note": "Slovakia adopted its separate national flag during the dissolution of Czechoslovakia.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/sk.html" }, { "source": "ru", "target": "yugoslavia-kingdom", "type": "documented", "note": "The kingdom adopted the pan-Slavic colours in blue-white-red order.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/yu_shs.html" }, { "source": "yugoslavia-kingdom", "target": "yugoslavia", "type": "redesign", "note": "Socialist Yugoslavia added a red star to the earlier Yugoslav tricolour.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/yu.html" }, { "source": "liberty1917", "target": "unia", "type": "documented", "note": "Harrison’s Liberty League tricolour supplied a model for the UNIA’s Black-liberation flag, with Garvey adopting a different palette.", "url": "https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/abs/10.1086/709374" }, { "source": "mexico-guarantees", "target": "mx", "type": "documented", "note": "The three colours of the independence army continued in Mexico’s vertical national tricolour.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/mx_his.html" }, { "source": "ru", "target": "serbian-tricolour", "type": "documented", "note": "The Serbian tricolour adopted Russian-associated national colours in a different order.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/rs.html" }, { "source": "serbian-tricolour", "target": "rs", "type": "documented", "note": "The current state flag retains the older Serbian tricolour with national arms.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/rs.html" }, { "source": "ru", "target": "slovene1848", "type": "probable", "note": "Some flag-family surveys attribute Russian influence; Slovenia’s official account derives the colours from Carniolan arms. The precise influence on the tricolour format remains disputed.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/xf-evltn.html" }, { "source": "slovene1848", "target": "si", "type": "documented", "note": "Independent Slovenia retained the 1848 tricolour and added the national shield.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/si.html" }, { "source": "croat1848", "target": "hr", "type": "documented", "note": "The independent Croatian flag retained its nineteenth-century red-white-blue colours with the national arms.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/hr.html" }, { "source": "ru", "target": "croat1848", "type": "probable", "note": "Russian/Pan-Slavic influence is reported in flag-family classifications. The Croatian colours also derive from the heraldry of Croatia and Slavonia.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/xf-evltn.html" }, { "source": "serbian-tricolour", "target": "yugoslavia-kingdom", "type": "documented", "note": "The new kingdom united South Slavic national colours, arranged blue-white-red.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/yu_shs.html" }, { "source": "slovene1848", "target": "yugoslavia-kingdom", "type": "family", "note": "The kingdom and Slovene movement shared pan-Slavic national colours.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/yu_shs.html" }, { "source": "bohemia1918", "target": "czechoslovakia", "type": "redesign", "note": "Czechoslovakia added a blue triangle to the Bohemian white-red bicolour in 1920.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/xc.html" }, { "source": "bohemia1918", "target": "pl", "type": "similarity", "note": "The independent Polish and Bohemian white-red bicolours have distinct heraldic origins.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/cz.html" }, { "source": "nc1861", "target": "us-nc", "type": "redesign", "note": "The 1885 redesign exchanged the red and blue areas and changed the inscriptions.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/us-nc.html" }, { "source": "us-tx", "target": "nc1861", "type": "probable", "note": "The Lone Star arrangement is a proposed model for North Carolina’s earlier canton-and-two-bands design.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/us-nc.html" }, { "source": "dk", "target": "no", "type": "documented", "note": "Norway retained Danish red and white and added a blue cross.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/no.html" }, { "source": "ke", "target": "sz", "type": "family", "note": "Both use local African shields and spears as national emblems: Maasai in Kenya, Swazi in Eswatini.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/sz.html" }, { "source": "us", "target": "pa", "type": "probable", "note": "Flag-family surveys place Panama in the US tradition. Its national design account links red and blue to the country’s political parties; the precise route of influence remains uncertain.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/xf-evltn.html" }, { "source": "nz", "target": "ws", "type": "probable", "note": "The 1948 flag used four Southern Cross stars like New Zealand, then administering Samoa; a fifth was added in 1949.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/ws_hist.html" }, { "source": "communered", "target": "pt", "type": "probable", "note": "Revolutionary red provides a wider political context; Portugal’s immediate red-green source was its own republican movement.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/pt_1910.html" }, { "source": "ussr", "target": "armenian-ssr", "type": "documented", "note": "The union republic adapted the Soviet red flag, hammer, sickle and star.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/su-am.html" }, { "source": "armenian-ssr", "target": "am", "type": "redesign", "note": "The independent national flag replaced the Soviet republic flag.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/su-am.html" }, { "source": "ussr", "target": "azerbaijan-ssr", "type": "documented", "note": "The union republic adapted the Soviet red flag, hammer, sickle and star.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/su-az.html" }, { "source": "azerbaijan-ssr", "target": "az", "type": "redesign", "note": "The independent national flag replaced the Soviet republic flag.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/su-az.html" }, { "source": "ussr", "target": "georgian-ssr", "type": "documented", "note": "The union republic adapted the Soviet red flag, hammer, sickle and star.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/su-ge.html" }, { "source": "georgian-ssr", "target": "ge", "type": "redesign", "note": "The independent national flag replaced the Soviet republic flag.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/su-ge.html" }, { "source": "ussr", "target": "estonian-ssr", "type": "documented", "note": "The union republic adapted the Soviet red flag, hammer, sickle and star.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/su-ee.html" }, { "source": "estonian-ssr", "target": "ee", "type": "redesign", "note": "The independent national flag replaced the Soviet republic flag.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/su-ee.html" }, { "source": "ussr", "target": "latvian-ssr", "type": "documented", "note": "The union republic adapted the Soviet red flag, hammer, sickle and star.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/su-lv.html" }, { "source": "latvian-ssr", "target": "lv", "type": "redesign", "note": "The independent national flag replaced the Soviet republic flag.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/su-lv.html" }, { "source": "ussr", "target": "lithuanian-ssr", "type": "documented", "note": "The union republic adapted the Soviet red flag, hammer, sickle and star.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/su-lt.html" }, { "source": "lithuanian-ssr", "target": "lt", "type": "redesign", "note": "The independent national flag replaced the Soviet republic flag.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/su-lt.html" }, { "source": "ussr", "target": "moldavian-ssr", "type": "documented", "note": "The union republic adapted the Soviet red flag, hammer, sickle and star.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/su-md.html" }, { "source": "moldavian-ssr", "target": "md", "type": "redesign", "note": "The independent national flag replaced the Soviet republic flag.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/su-md.html" }, { "source": "ussr", "target": "ukrainian-ssr", "type": "documented", "note": "The union republic adapted the Soviet red flag, hammer, sickle and star.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/su-ua.html" }, { "source": "ukrainian-ssr", "target": "ua", "type": "redesign", "note": "The independent national flag replaced the Soviet republic flag.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/su-ua.html" }, { "source": "ussr", "target": "hungary1949", "type": "documented", "note": "The socialist state added Soviet-style communist heraldry to its national flag.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/hu_h.html" }, { "source": "hungary1949", "target": "hu", "type": "redesign", "note": "The communist-era emblem was removed or replaced at the change of regime.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/hu_h.html" }, { "source": "ussr", "target": "romania1965", "type": "documented", "note": "The socialist state added Soviet-style communist heraldry to its national flag.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/ro-1965.html" }, { "source": "romania1965", "target": "ro", "type": "redesign", "note": "The communist-era emblem was removed or replaced at the change of regime.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/ro-1965.html" }, { "source": "ussr", "target": "bulgaria1971", "type": "documented", "note": "The socialist state added Soviet-style communist heraldry to its national flag.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/bg_1971.html" }, { "source": "bulgaria1971", "target": "bg", "type": "redesign", "note": "The communist-era emblem was removed or replaced at the change of regime.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/bg_1971.html" }, { "source": "ussr", "target": "albania1946", "type": "documented", "note": "The socialist state added Soviet-style communist heraldry to its national flag.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/al_r1946.html" }, { "source": "albania1946", "target": "al", "type": "redesign", "note": "The communist-era emblem was removed or replaced at the change of regime.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/al_r1946.html" }, { "source": "yugoslavia", "target": "slovenia-socialist", "type": "documented", "note": "The socialist republic used Yugoslavia’s red-star symbolism.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/yu_fy-si.html" }, { "source": "slovenia-socialist", "target": "si", "type": "redesign", "note": "The successor state replaced the socialist republic flag; intervening variants are described in the history source.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/yu_fy-si.html" }, { "source": "slovene1848", "target": "slovenia-socialist", "type": "documented", "note": "The socialist republican flag retained the earlier national tricolour and added a red star.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/yu_fy-si.html" }, { "source": "yugoslavia", "target": "croatia-socialist", "type": "documented", "note": "The socialist republic used Yugoslavia’s red-star symbolism.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/yu_fy-hr.html" }, { "source": "croatia-socialist", "target": "hr", "type": "redesign", "note": "The successor state replaced the socialist republic flag; intervening variants are described in the history source.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/yu_fy-hr.html" }, { "source": "croat1848", "target": "croatia-socialist", "type": "documented", "note": "The socialist republican flag retained the earlier national tricolour and added a red star.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/yu_fy-hr.html" }, { "source": "yugoslavia", "target": "serbia-socialist", "type": "documented", "note": "The socialist republic used Yugoslavia’s red-star symbolism.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/yu_fy-sr.html" }, { "source": "serbia-socialist", "target": "rs", "type": "redesign", "note": "The successor state replaced the socialist republic flag; intervening variants are described in the history source.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/yu_fy-sr.html" }, { "source": "serbian-tricolour", "target": "serbia-socialist", "type": "documented", "note": "The socialist republican flag retained the earlier national tricolour and added a red star.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/yu_fy-sr.html" }, { "source": "yugoslavia", "target": "montenegro-socialist", "type": "documented", "note": "The socialist republic used Yugoslavia’s red-star symbolism.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/yu_fy-cg.html" }, { "source": "montenegro-socialist", "target": "me", "type": "redesign", "note": "The successor state replaced the socialist republic flag; intervening variants are described in the history source.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/yu_fy-cg.html" }, { "source": "yugoslavia", "target": "macedonia-socialist", "type": "documented", "note": "The socialist republic used Yugoslavia’s red-star symbolism.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/yu_fy-mk.html" }, { "source": "macedonia-socialist", "target": "mk", "type": "redesign", "note": "The successor state replaced the socialist republic flag; intervening variants are described in the history source.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/yu_fy-mk.html" }, { "source": "yugoslavia", "target": "bosnia-socialist", "type": "documented", "note": "The socialist republic used Yugoslavia’s red-star symbolism.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/yu_fy-ba.html" }, { "source": "bosnia-socialist", "target": "ba", "type": "redesign", "note": "The successor state replaced the socialist republic flag; intervening variants are described in the history source.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/yu_fy-ba.html" }, { "source": "spain1785", "target": "bolivia1825", "type": "probable", "note": "The broad central stripe follows the Spanish ensign pattern, with local green and red colours.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/box.html" }, { "source": "bolivia1825", "target": "bolivia1826", "type": "redesign", "note": "Bolivia replaced its first flag with a yellow-red-green tricolour in 1826.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/bo_1826.html" }, { "source": "gran", "target": "bolivia1826", "type": "probable", "note": "A Gran Colombian model has been proposed for the 1826 tricolour; the evidence is inconclusive.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/box.html" }, { "source": "bolivia1826", "target": "bo", "type": "redesign", "note": "The 1851 design reordered the three colours.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/bo_1826.html" }, { "source": "castile-leon1230", "target": "spain1785", "type": "documented", "note": "The naval ensign retained Castile and León in its royal shield.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/es1785.html" }, { "source": "spain1785", "target": "es", "type": "documented", "note": "The modern flag retains the red-yellow-red ensign layout of 1785.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/es1785.html" }, { "source": "spain1785", "target": "spainrepublic", "type": "redesign", "note": "The republican tricolour replaced the monarchical national flag.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/es1785.html" }, { "source": "byzantine-eagle", "target": "al", "type": "probable", "note": "The Albanian eagle belongs to the Byzantine and Balkan double-eagle heraldic tradition; the route through Skanderbeg’s arms is discussed in the source.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/al.html" }, { "source": "byzantine-eagle", "target": "rs", "type": "documented", "note": "Serbia’s heraldic double eagle continues the medieval Serbian adaptation of Byzantine imperial imagery.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/rs.html" }, { "source": "byzantine-eagle", "target": "me", "type": "documented", "note": "Montenegro’s heraldic eagle continues the Byzantine-derived Balkan dynastic tradition.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/me.html" }, { "source": "byzantine-eagle", "target": "russian-imperial-eagle", "type": "probable", "note": "Byzantine influence is a prominent interpretation of the Russian double eagle; the precise route of adoption is debated.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/ru_emp.html" }, { "source": "ussr", "target": "china-communist-party", "type": "documented", "note": "The party adopted the Soviet hammer-and-sickle emblem on revolutionary red.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/cn%7Dcpp.html" }, { "source": "ussr", "target": "vietnam-communist-party", "type": "documented", "note": "The party adopted the Soviet hammer-and-sickle emblem on revolutionary red.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/vn%7Dcp.html" }, { "source": "china-communist-party", "target": "cn", "type": "documented", "note": "The large star represents the Communist Party; the flag retains revolutionary red.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/cn-fldes.html" }, { "source": "vietnam-communist-party", "target": "vn", "type": "probable", "note": "One account of the 1940 design identifies the Communist Party’s red field as the model; authorship remains disputed.", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Vietnam" }, { "source": "vietcong", "target": "mpla", "type": "probable", "note": "The MPLA flag has been reported as an adaptation of the Viet Cong flag, replacing blue with black; early adoption chronology is uncertain.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/ao%7Dmpla.html" }, { "source": "kh1970", "target": "kh1976", "type": "redesign", "note": "The Khmer Rouge replaced the Khmer Republic flag; the new constitutional design dates to 1976.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/kh_hstry.html" }, { "source": "communered", "target": "kh1976", "type": "documented", "note": "Democratic Kampuchea used revolutionary red with a yellow national emblem.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/kh_hstry.html" }, { "source": "kh1976", "target": "kh1979", "type": "redesign", "note": "The new People’s Republic replaced the Khmer Rouge design with a five-towered emblem.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/kh_hstry.html" }, { "source": "kh1979", "target": "kh1989", "type": "redesign", "note": "The State of Cambodia added blue and redrew the temple.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/kh_hstry.html" }, { "source": "kh1989", "target": "kh", "type": "redesign", "note": "The restored monarchy returned to the earlier blue-red-blue flag in 1993.", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Cambodia" }, { "source": "la1952", "target": "la", "type": "redesign", "note": "The Pathet Lao design replaced the royal elephant flag in 1975.", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Laos" }, { "source": "ussr", "target": "af1978", "type": "documented", "note": "The Khalq government introduced a red flag with Soviet-style star and wreath heraldry.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/af1978o.html" }, { "source": "af1978", "target": "af1980", "type": "redesign", "note": "The black-red-green tricolour returned with communist state heraldry.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/af1980.html" }, { "source": "liberation", "target": "southyemen", "type": "documented", "note": "South Yemen adapted the Arab Liberation colours, adding a blue triangle and red star.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/ye-south.html" }, { "source": "communered", "target": "southyemen", "type": "documented", "note": "The red star represented socialist politics.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/ye-south.html" }, { "source": "southyemen", "target": "ye", "type": "redesign", "note": "Unified Yemen removed the triangle and star in 1990.", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Yemen" }, { "source": "castile-leon1230", "target": "es-cl", "type": "documented", "note": "The autonomous community retains the quartered castle and lion heraldry.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/es-cl.html" }, { "source": "ottoman", "target": "islamic-emblem", "type": "documented", "note": "Ottoman use helped spread the crescent as an emblem associated with Islam.", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_and_crescent" }, { "source": "islamic-emblem", "target": "km", "type": "documented", "note": "This flag uses the crescent from the wider Islamic emblem tradition; the arrow records symbolic influence.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/km.html" }, { "source": "islamic-emblem", "target": "mr", "type": "documented", "note": "This flag uses the crescent from the wider Islamic emblem tradition; the arrow records symbolic influence.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/mr.html" }, { "source": "islamic-emblem", "target": "mv", "type": "documented", "note": "This flag uses the crescent from the wider Islamic emblem tradition; the arrow records symbolic influence.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/mv.html" }, { "source": "islamic-emblem", "target": "uz", "type": "documented", "note": "This flag uses the crescent from the wider Islamic emblem tradition; the arrow records symbolic influence.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/uz.html" }, { "source": "islamic-emblem", "target": "tm", "type": "documented", "note": "This flag uses the crescent from the wider Islamic emblem tradition; the arrow records symbolic influence.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/tm.html" }, { "source": "ru", "target": "russia1991", "type": "documented", "note": "The Russian tricolour was restored in 1991, replacing the Soviet republic flag.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/ru.html" }, { "source": "rsfsr1954", "target": "russia1991", "type": "redesign", "note": "The Russian tricolour was restored in 1991, replacing the Soviet republic flag.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/ru.html" }, { "source": "castile-castle", "target": "castile-leon1230", "type": "documented", "note": "The 1230 union combined Castile’s castle and León’s lion in quartered royal arms.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/es-cl_hi.html" }, { "source": "leon-medieval", "target": "castile-leon1230", "type": "documented", "note": "The united royal arms incorporated the Leonese lion, shown rampant in the quarters.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/es-cl_hi.html" }, { "source": "castile-castle", "target": "es-cm", "type": "documented", "note": "The regional flag retains the golden Castilian castle on red.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/es-cm.html" }, { "source": "ussr", "target": "mongolia1945", "type": "documented", "note": "The communist star belongs to the Soviet-influenced emblem vocabulary of the Mongolian People’s Republic.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/mn.html#prev" }, { "source": "mongolia1945", "target": "mn", "type": "redesign", "note": "The 1992 flag removed the communist star above the Soyombo.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/mn.html#prev" }, { "source": "aragon-crown", "target": "es-ct", "type": "documented", "note": "The regional Senyera retains the four red royal bars on gold.", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senyera" }, { "source": "aragon-crown", "target": "es-ar", "type": "documented", "note": "The regional Senyera retains the four red royal bars on gold.", "url": "https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-1984-10265" }, { "source": "aragon-crown", "target": "es-vc", "type": "documented", "note": "The regional Senyera retains the four red royal bars on gold.", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_the_Valencian_Community" }, { "source": "fr-ancient", "target": "fr-modern", "type": "redesign", "note": "The royal arms were simplified from scattered fleurs-de-lis to three.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/fr_mon.html" }, { "source": "fr-modern", "target": "carillon-1902", "type": "documented", "note": "French royal fleurs-de-lis contributed the heraldic symbol used in the French-Canadian Carillon design.", "url": "https://www.quebec.ca/gouvernement/portrait-quebec/drapeau-symboles-nationaux/drapeau/histoire" }, { "source": "ru", "target": "bulgaria1879", "type": "documented", "note": "The Bulgarian tricolour adapted the Russian arrangement, replacing blue with green.", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Bulgaria" }, { "source": "bulgaria1879", "target": "bulgaria1971", "type": "documented", "note": "The communist state flag retained the 1879 white-green-red tricolour, adding a state emblem. The illustrated version shows the final emblem.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/bg.html" }, { "source": "bulgaria1879", "target": "bg", "type": "documented", "note": "The plain national tricolour was restored after the communist state emblem was removed.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/bg.html" }, { "source": "iranqajar", "target": "iranold", "type": "documented", "note": "Later Iranian state flags continued the tricolour and Lion and Sun emblem, with changes to the rendering.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/ir_imp64.html" }, { "source": "af1928", "target": "af1929", "type": "redesign", "note": "Kalakani’s government replaced Amanullah’s tricolour during the 1929 civil war.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/af1929j.html" }, { "source": "af1928", "target": "afrepublic", "type": "documented", "note": "The later republic continued the black-red-green national colour tradition introduced in 1928; intervening regimes changed the emblem and flag.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/af1928s.html" }, { "source": "fr", "target": "ci", "type": "documented", "note": "The vertical tricolour follows the French model, with Ivorian orange, white and green.", "url": "https://www.irishcentral.com/roots/history/irish-flag-ivory-coast-flag-confused" }, { "source": "byzantine-eagle", "target": "hre-eagle", "type": "probable", "note": "Byzantine practice is a proposed influence on the medieval German imperial double eagle; the route remains uncertain.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/de_roman.html" }, { "source": "islamic-emblem", "target": "dz", "type": "documented", "note": "The crescent and star employ the wider Islamic emblem tradition, adapted to local political and dynastic symbolism.", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Algeria" }, { "source": "islamic-emblem", "target": "cyrenaica", "type": "documented", "note": "The crescent and star employ the wider Islamic emblem tradition, adapted to local political and dynastic symbolism.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/ly_cyren.html" }, { "source": "islamic-emblem", "target": "johor", "type": "documented", "note": "The crescent and star employ the wider Islamic emblem tradition, adapted to local political and dynastic symbolism.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/my-johor.html" }, { "source": "unia", "target": "zm", "type": "documented", "note": "Red, black and green continue the Garvey colour tradition within a national design.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/vxt-dv-g.html" }, { "source": "unia", "target": "kau", "type": "probable", "note": "The movement uses the Garvey red-black-green palette. The specific organisational route of borrowing is less well documented.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/vxt-dv-g.html" }, { "source": "communered", "target": "yugoslavia", "type": "documented", "note": "The red partisan star expresses the international communist and revolutionary tradition.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/yu.html" }, { "source": "gh", "target": "paigc", "type": "documented", "note": "PAIGC adapted Ghana’s Pan-African colours and black star, rearranging them into a red hoist and yellow-green field.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/gw%7Dpaigc.html" }, { "source": "ethiopian", "target": "mr", "type": "family", "note": "Mauritania’s green and gold are described as Pan-African colours alongside the flag’s Islamic symbolism.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/mr-1959.html" }, { "source": "af1996", "target": "af1997", "type": "redesign", "note": "The Taliban added the shahada to the previously plain white banner.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/af_talib.html" }, { "source": "af1997", "target": "af", "type": "redesign", "note": "The restored Islamic Emirate returned to a white flag with black shahada in 2021, after the republican period.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/af_talib.html" }, { "source": "af1997", "target": "afrepublic", "type": "redesign", "note": "The post-Taliban republic adopted a tricolour after the first Emirate ended in 2001; the displayed republican form dates from 2004.", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Afghanistan" }, { "source": "somaliland-old", "target": "somaliland", "type": "redesign", "note": "The 1996 tricolour replaced the white flag with green disk.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/so-mlan.html" }, { "source": "snm", "target": "somaliland", "type": "probable", "note": "A published eyewitness account describes the current flag as an adaptation of the SNM design, reversing the outer colours and adding a black star.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/so-mlan.html" }, { "source": "ke", "target": "splm", "type": "probable", "note": "Contemporary accounts compare the SPLM flag’s black-red-green bands and white separators with Kenya’s. These comparisons support a possible Kenyan model; designer testimony would help establish the route.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/ss.html" }, { "source": "splm", "target": "ss", "type": "documented", "note": "South Sudan retained the SPLM flag at independence in 2011.", "url": "https://worksthatwork.com/4/branding-south-sudan" }, { "source": "af1980", "target": "af1996", "type": "redesign", "note": "The Taliban’s white flag followed the communist and mujahideen-era flags. This selected sequence condenses the intermediate designs of 1987 and 1992.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/af_talib.html" }, { "source": "rhodesia1968", "target": "zimbabwe-rhodesia", "type": "redesign", "note": "Zimbabwe Rhodesia adopted a new flag in September 1979.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/zw-zrhod.html" }, { "source": "zimbabwe-rhodesia", "target": "zw", "type": "redesign", "note": "Zimbabwe’s independence flag followed Zimbabwe Rhodesia and a brief restored period of British administration.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/zw.html" }, { "source": "grenada1967", "target": "gd", "type": "redesign", "note": "The independence flag replaced the associated-state flag in 1974.", "url": "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/gd_hist.html" }, { "source": "guyana-proposal", "target": "gy", "type": "documented", "note": "The adopted flag reworked Smith’s proposal, reversing red and green and adding contrasting borders.", "url": "https://portlandflag.org/2016/02/27/whitney-smiths-flag-of-guyana/" }, { "source": "byzantium-crescent", "target": "ottoman", "type": "probable", "note": "Continuity through Constantinople is one proposed source of Ottoman star-and-crescent symbolism; the transmission is uncertain and other ancient traditions also used the motif.", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_and_crescent" } ], "families": [ { "id": "nordic", "name": "Nordic Cross", "description": "The Danish cross became a regional design tradition, adapted with local colours.", "color": "#65c7df", "roots": [ "dk" ], "cameraAnchors": [ "dk" ] }, { "id": "british", "name": "Union & Ensigns", "description": "Composite crosses and British maritime ensigns, retained and reworked across the former empire.", "color": "#ec887c", "followDescendants": false, "cameraAnchors": [ "union1606", "gb" ] }, { "id": "american", "name": "Stars and Stripes", "description": "American revolutionary designs, their descendants, and later state adaptations.", "color": "#90a9f7", "roots": [ "grandunion", "us" ], "exclude": [ "malaya", "my", "johor", "id", "sg", "id-jack" ], "cameraAnchors": [ "us" ], "relatedViews": [ "nusantara" ] }, { "id": "nusantara", "name": "Nusantara", "description": "Regional red-white traditions, Malayan designs and the proposed routes through maritime and American flags.", "color": "#68756b", "kind": "family", "followDescendants": false, "cameraAnchors": [ "majapahit", "eastindia" ], "relatedViews": [ "american" ] }, { "id": "french", "name": "Revolutionary Tricolores", "description": "French revolutionary colours and tricolour models, with later national adaptations and redesigns.", "color": "#81a8f8", "roots": [ "fr" ], "cameraAnchors": [ "fr" ], "ancestorMode": "influence", "relatedViews": [ "slavic" ] }, { "id": "slavic", "name": "Dutch & Slavic", "description": "Dutch and Russian colours, Slavic national tricolours, and their federal and national successors.", "color": "#ac9beb", "exclude": [ "mk", "ba", "mk1992", "macedonia-socialist", "fr", "bosnia-socialist" ], "cameraAnchors": [ "ru" ] }, { "id": "latin", "name": "Latin American Republics", "description": "Miranda’s yellow-blue-red and Belgrano’s blue-white-blue, with their national descendants.", "color": "#6eced7", "roots": [ "miranda", "belgrano" ], "cameraAnchors": [ "miranda", "belgrano" ], "ancestorMode": "influence", "exclude": [ "cu", "ph" ], "include": [ "br", "bo", "bolivia1825", "bolivia1826", "brazilempire" ] }, { "id": "african", "name": "Pan-African", "description": "Ethiopian, Garvey and ANC colour traditions, liberation movements and national flags.", "color": "#e6bf60", "cameraAnchors": [ "liberty1917", "ethiopian", "anc", "unia" ], "ancestorMode": "influence" }, { "id": "arab", "name": "Pan-Arab", "description": "The Arab Revolt and Arab Liberation designs form distinct, overlapping branches.", "color": "#77c6a1", "cameraAnchors": [ "arabrevolt" ] }, { "id": "gulf", "name": "Gulf Red & White", "color": "#d8a0a7", "description": "Red-and-white coastal flag traditions shaped by nineteenth-century treaty practice." }, { "id": "crescent", "name": "Crescents", "description": "Ottoman crescent-and-star descendants and the wider Islamic emblem tradition, whose earlier roots include Central Asian and Persian uses.", "color": "#c8a1d9", "cameraAnchors": [ "byzantium-crescent", "ottoman" ] }, { "id": "turkic", "name": "Turkic & Central Asian", "description": "Turkic crescent-and-star designs and the national flags that followed Soviet republic flags.", "color": "#516b80", "followDescendants": false, "cameraAnchors": [ "ottoman", "ussr" ] }, { "id": "persian", "name": "Iran and Afghanistan", "description": "Iranian and Afghan flag histories, with Tajik connections through Iranian colours and Soviet designs.", "color": "#516b80", "followDescendants": false, "cameraAnchors": [ "iranqajar", "af1928" ], "layoutRows": [ [ "af1978", "tajik-ssr", "iranold" ], [ "af1980", "tj", "ir" ] ] }, { "id": "red", "name": "Revolutionary Red", "description": "Socialist red banners and state emblems, with several distinct national histories.", "color": "#df7f8c", "cameraAnchors": [ "communered" ], "ancestorMode": "none", "exclude": [ "gw", "cv", "paigc", "cv1975", "swapo", "na" ] }, { "id": "un", "name": "United Nations", "description": "UN blue, the world-map emblem, and flags acknowledging UN administration or independence settlements.", "color": "#68756b", "kind": "family" }, { "id": "european", "name": "European Emblems", "description": "Blue, gold and stars associated with European institutions and integration.", "color": "#68756b", "kind": "family", "followDescendants": false }, { "id": "southern-cross", "name": "Southern Cross", "description": "The southern constellation in national and regional flag traditions.", "color": "#68756b", "kind": "family" }, { "id": "french-royal", "name": "French Royal Flags", "description": "Royal white, blue cross flags and the Quebec fleur-de-lis tradition.", "color": "#516b80", "roots": [ "french-civil-ensign", "french-white", "frenchroyal", "carillon-1902", "ca-qc" ], "followDescendants": false }, { "id": "iberian", "name": "Iberian & Burgundian", "description": "Spanish and Portuguese flags, the Burgundy cross, and regional heraldic traditions.", "color": "#516b80", "followDescendants": false, "cameraAnchors": [ "castile-castle", "leon-medieval", "aragon-crown" ] }, { "id": "double-eagle", "name": "Eagles", "description": "Byzantine dynastic eagles, imperial heraldry and their later national uses.", "color": "#7c603a", "followDescendants": false }, { "id": "us-states", "name": "US States", "description": "State flags, historical predecessors and major redesigns.", "color": "#68756b", "kind": "region", "followDescendants": false, "cameraAnchors": [ "us" ] }, { "id": "canada-provinces", "name": "Canadian Provinces & Territories", "description": "Provincial and territorial flags, royal arms and Canadian ensign traditions.", "color": "#68756b", "kind": "region", "followDescendants": false, "cameraAnchors": [ "ca" ] }, { "id": "german-states", "name": "German States", "description": "The flags of the sixteen Länder and their heraldic and national sources.", "color": "#68756b", "kind": "region", "followDescendants": false, "cameraAnchors": [ "germanempire" ] }, { "id": "australian-states", "name": "Australian States & Territories", "description": "Colonial ensigns, the Southern Cross and later territorial designs.", "color": "#68756b", "kind": "region", "followDescendants": false }, { "id": "europe-regions", "name": "Other European Regions", "description": "Regional flags and their heraldic, dynastic and national connections.", "color": "#68756b", "kind": "region", "followDescendants": false }, { "id": "independent", "name": "Other Flags", "description": "Flags absent from the other family and regional views.", "color": "#9caeb8", "followDescendants": false } ], "asOf": "7 September 2026", "scope": "All 193 UN member states and both observer states; selected disputed states, associated states and constituent nations; influential historical and movement flags. Historical coverage is selective.", "methodology": "Relationships distinguish documented influence, uncertain influence, redesign or succession, shared tradition, and visual resemblance. Dates identify the principal design or represented historical period. Arrows describe descent; horizontal groups show related designs.", "traditions": [ { "id": "nordic-cross", "name": "Nordic cross", "members": [ "dk", "se", "no", "is", "fi", "fo", "ax" ], "description": "The Nordic cross is adapted with each country’s colours. The arrows identify recorded routes of influence.", "sources": [ "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/xf-evltn.html" ], "showLabel": false }, { "id": "african-colours", "name": "Pan-African colours", "members": [ "ethiopian", "liberty1917", "unia", "anc", "kau", "kanu", "mcp", "mpla", "frelimo", "swapo", "paigc", "gd", "gy", "jm", "ug", "zm", "zw", "rwandaold", "zaire", "ss", "mr", "tanganyika", "zanzibar", "tz" ], "description": "Ethiopian green-yellow-red, Garvey red-black-green and ANC black-green-gold formed overlapping Pan-African and liberation-movement palettes. Specific borrowing is shown by arrows.", "sources": [ "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/us-afro.html", "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Pan-African_Flags" ], "showLabel": false, "unifyLayout": true, "displayBand": false }, { "id": "african-diaspora", "name": "African-diaspora colours", "members": [ "gd", "gy", "jm" ], "description": "These Caribbean flags use colours associated with African-diaspora identity alongside local national meanings.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan-African_colours" ], "showLabel": false, "unifyLayout": true, "displayBand": false }, { "id": "islamic-crescent", "name": "Crescent & star", "members": [ "ottoman", "tr", "tn", "dz", "pk", "az", "my", "km", "mv", "tm", "uz", "cyrenaica", "muslim-league", "east-turkestan" ], "description": "The crescent spread widely as an Islamic emblem through Ottoman prestige. Earlier examples occur in Persian and Central Asian traditions; a single Byzantine-to-Ottoman route is disputed.", "sources": [ "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/xf-cres.html", "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/xf-cres.html" ], "showLabel": false }, { "id": "southern-cross", "name": "Southern Cross", "members": [ "au", "nz", "pg", "ws", "br", "au-vic", "au-nt", "au-act", "au-nsw" ], "description": "The constellation is a shared southern-hemisphere symbol. Identified design borrowing is shown by arrows.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flags_depicting_the_Southern_Cross" ], "showLabel": false, "displayBand": false }, { "id": "revolutionary-red", "name": "Revolutionary red", "members": [ "communered", "ussr", "cn", "vn", "kp", "la", "mn", "congo1970", "benin1975", "tl" ], "description": "Red banners circulated through socialist and revolutionary movements; national designs also developed their own symbols.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_flag_(politics)" ], "showLabel": false }, { "id": "crown-aragon", "name": "Crown of Aragon", "members": [ "es-ct", "es-ar", "es-vc", "ad" ], "description": "The four red bars on gold derive from the dynastic heraldry of the Crown of Aragon.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senyera" ], "showLabel": false }, { "id": "hanseatic", "name": "Hanseatic colours", "members": [ "de-hb", "de-hh", "germanempire" ], "description": "Hanseatic white and red contributed to imperial German colours. The city flags also preserve local heraldry.", "sources": [ "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/de.html" ], "showLabel": true }, { "id": "thuringian-lions", "name": "Thuringian lion", "members": [ "de-he", "de-th" ], "description": "The striped lions share medieval Thuringian heraldic ancestry.", "sources": [ "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/de-th.html" ], "showLabel": true }, { "id": "saxon-arms", "name": "Saxon heraldry", "members": [ "de-sn", "de-st" ], "description": "The arms share black-gold stripes and the green crancelin.", "sources": [ "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/de-sy.html" ], "showLabel": true }, { "id": "breton", "name": "Breton black & white", "members": [ "brittanycross", "brittanyermine", "fr-bre" ], "description": "Black and white occur in the ducal ermine banner, the Kroaz Du and modern Breton colours.", "sources": [ "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/fr-bz-du.html" ], "showLabel": false }, { "id": "regional-red-white", "name": "Nusantara red & white", "members": [ "majapahit", "id", "id-jack", "malaya", "my", "sg" ], "description": "Red and white have a long history in flags of the Malay-Indonesian archipelago.", "sources": [ "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/my.html" ], "showLabel": false, "unifyLayout": true }, { "id": "canadian-pale", "name": "Canadian pale", "members": [ "ca", "ca-nt" ], "description": "A broad central panel is a shared Canadian flag convention.", "sources": [ "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/ca-nt.html" ], "showLabel": false }, { "id": "iranian-colours", "name": "Persianate colours", "members": [ "iranold", "ir", "tj", "tajik-ssr" ], "description": "Iranian and Tajik flags share red, white and green within distinct national histories.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan-Iranian_colours" ], "showLabel": false }, { "id": "seal-blue", "name": "State arms on blue", "members": [ "us-ct", "us-ks", "us-ky", "us-me", "us-mi", "us-ne", "us-nh", "us-ny", "us-nd", "us-or", "us-pa", "us-sd", "us-va", "us-vt", "us-wi", "us-mn-1983", "us-ut-2011", "us-id", "us-mt", "us-nv", "us-wv", "us-wy", "us-la", "us-la-1912" ], "description": "State seals, arms and emblem-bearing figures placed on blue fields, including Wyoming’s seal-bearing bison.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flags_of_the_U.S._states_and_territories" ], "showLabel": false }, { "id": "pan-slavic", "name": "Pan-Slavic colours", "members": [ "ru", "serbian-tricolour", "slovene1848", "slovak1868", "croat1848", "yugoslavia-kingdom", "czechoslovakia" ], "description": "Russian-associated white, blue and red intersected with existing regional heraldic colours. Specific borrowings are shown by arrows.", "sources": [ "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/hr.html", "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/sk.html" ], "showLabel": false, "unifyLayout": true, "alignRow": false, "priority": 10 }, { "id": "related-unia", "name": "Garvey colour tradition", "members": [ "unia", "ke", "mw1964", "ss" ], "description": "Shares the red-black-green Pan-African colour tradition.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan-African_colours" ], "showLabel": false, "unifyLayout": true, "displayBand": false }, { "id": "related-bh", "name": "Gulf red & white", "members": [ "bh", "qa" ], "description": "Gulf red-and-white flag tradition shaped by treaty practice.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Qatar" ], "showLabel": false }, { "id": "related-communered", "name": "Revolutionary red", "members": [ "communered", "bf" ], "description": "Uses the revolutionary or socialist red-banner tradition, adapted to the national movement.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_flag_(politics)" ], "showLabel": false }, { "id": "related-ethiopian", "name": "Pan-African palette", "members": [ "ethiopian", "gw", "mz", "zw", "zm", "ug", "rwandaold", "zaire", "gd", "gy", "jm" ], "description": "Shares the Pan-African palette, adapted to national or liberation-movement symbolism.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan-African_colours" ], "showLabel": false, "unifyLayout": true, "displayBand": false }, { "id": "african-shields", "name": "Shields & spears", "showLabel": false, "members": [ "ke", "sz" ], "description": "Kenya uses a Maasai shield and crossed spears; Eswatini uses a Swazi shield and weapons. Both draw on local shield-and-spear imagery.", "sources": [ "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/ke.html", "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/sz.html" ], "alignRow": true, "unifyLayout": true, "priority": 35 }, { "id": "turkic-sky", "name": "Turkic sky colours", "showLabel": true, "members": [ "kz", "uz", "tm", "az", "east-turkestan" ], "description": "Blue expresses sky and Turkic identity in several flags; green also expresses religion, landscape and renewal, with meanings differing by state.", "sources": [ "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/kz.html", "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/az.html", "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/uz.html" ], "unifyLayout": true, "alignRow": true, "priority": 10 }, { "id": "tricolours1848", "name": "Tricolours of 1848", "showLabel": false, "members": [ "germany1848", "slovene1848", "croat1848", "slovak1868" ], "description": "National tricolours adopted during and after the 1848 revolutions, using local heraldic colours and Pan-Slavic associations.", "sources": [ "https://www.gov.si/en/news/2022-04-07-slovenian-flag-day/", "https://www.sabor.hr/en/press/news/parliament-declares-5-june-croatian-flag-day" ] }, { "id": "imperial-eagles", "name": "Imperial double eagles", "showLabel": false, "members": [ "byzantine-eagle", "hre-eagle", "russian-imperial-eagle" ], "description": "Double-headed eagles served different imperial and dynastic traditions, with several disputed routes of transmission.", "sources": [ "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/gr_byz.html" ], "unifyLayout": true }, { "id": "african-birds", "name": "National birds", "showLabel": true, "members": [ "ug", "zm", "zw" ], "description": "Uganda’s grey crowned crane, Zambia’s fish eagle and Zimbabwe’s stone bird identify national histories and emblems.", "sources": [ "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/ug.html", "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/zm.html", "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/zw.html" ], "alignRow": true, "unifyLayout": true, "priority": 10 }, { "id": "yugoslav-republics", "name": "Yugoslav republics", "showLabel": true, "members": [ "slovenia-socialist", "croatia-socialist", "bosnia-socialist", "macedonia-socialist", "serbia-socialist", "montenegro-socialist" ], "description": "The socialist republic flags combined local colours or arms with Yugoslav communist symbolism.", "sources": [ "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/yu.html" ], "alignRow": true, "priority": 10 }, { "id": "african-foundations", "name": "Pan-African colour traditions", "members": [ "ethiopian", "anc", "unia" ], "showLabel": false, "alignRow": true, "unifyLayout": true, "priority": 20, "description": "Ethiopian green-yellow-red, ANC black-green-gold and Garvey red-black-green became overlapping political colour traditions. A single line of borrowing between these three flags is unestablished.", "sources": [ "https://www.anc1912.org.za/our-history/", "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/za%7Danc.html", "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/us-afro.html" ] }, { "id": "slavic-national-tricolours", "name": "Slavic national tricolours", "members": [ "serbian-tricolour", "slovene1848", "croat1848", "slovak1868" ], "showLabel": false, "alignRow": true, "unifyLayout": true, "priority": 15, "description": "White, blue and red national tricolours developed through Russian associations and existing local heraldry.", "sources": [ "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/xf-evltn.html" ] }, { "id": "pan-arab-palette", "name": "Pan-Arab colours", "showLabel": false, "unifyLayout": true, "members": [ "arabrevolt", "somaliland" ], "description": "Black, white, red and green recur in Arab and neighbouring Islamic flag traditions; Somaliland uses this palette with local meanings.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan-Arab_colors" ] }, { "id": "soviet-republics", "name": "Soviet republics", "showLabel": true, "alignRow": true, "priority": 12, "members": [ "byssr", "rsfsr1954", "kazakh-ssr", "kyrgyz-ssr", "uzbek-ssr", "turkmen-ssr", "tajik-ssr", "armenian-ssr", "azerbaijan-ssr", "georgian-ssr", "estonian-ssr", "latvian-ssr", "lithuanian-ssr", "moldavian-ssr", "ukrainian-ssr" ], "description": "The fifteen late-Soviet union republic flags adapt the red field and communist emblems. Their national successors appear below.", "sources": [ "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/su-.html" ] }, { "id": "african-national-palettes", "name": "Pan-African palettes", "showLabel": false, "alignRow": true, "unifyLayout": true, "priority": 8, "rankAfter": [ "ethiopian", "anc", "unia" ], "members": [ "jm", "gy", "gd" ], "description": "Jamaica, Guyana and Grenada share colours associated with African-diaspora and Pan-African identity. Each flag also assigns local meanings to its colours.", "sources": [ "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/xf-evltn.html" ] }, { "id": "latin-independence-layout", "name": "Latin American independence", "showLabel": false, "displayBand": false, "alignRow": true, "unifyLayout": true, "members": [ "miranda", "belgrano", "brazilempire" ], "description": "The Miranda and Belgrano designs anchor two major independence-era flag lineages.", "sources": [ "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/xf-evltn.html" ] }, { "id": "early-soviet-layout", "name": "", "members": [ "rsfsr1918", "ussr" ], "alignRow": true, "unifyLayout": true, "displayBand": false, "priority": 30 }, { "id": "us-red-saltires", "name": "Red saltires", "members": [ "us-al", "us-fl" ], "alignRow": true, "unifyLayout": true, "showLabel": false, "priority": 30, "description": "Alabama and Florida share a red saltire on white; the source histories discuss their separate adoptions.", "sources": [ "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/us-al.html", "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/us-fl.html" ] }, { "id": "south-africa-parents", "name": "", "members": [ "anc", "zaold" ], "alignRow": true, "unifyLayout": true, "displayBand": false, "priority": 25, "excludeWhen": [ "ethiopian" ] }, { "id": "tanzania-parents", "name": "", "members": [ "tanganyika", "zanzibar" ], "alignRow": true, "unifyLayout": true, "displayBand": false, "priority": 25 }, { "id": "nusantara-peers", "name": "Regional red and white", "members": [ "id", "sg" ], "alignRow": true, "unifyLayout": true, "showLabel": false, "priority": 40, "description": "Indonesia and Singapore share a red-over-white field. Singapore’s designer explicitly considered Indonesia’s flag when distinguishing Singapore’s design.", "sources": [ "https://www.nhb.gov.sg/what-we-do/our-work/community-engagement/education/resources/national-symbols/national-flag" ] }, { "id": "arab-dynastic-row", "name": "", "members": [ "abbasidblack", "umayyadwhite", "fatimidgreen", "hashemitered" ], "alignRow": true, "unifyLayout": true, "displayBand": false, "priority": 25 }, { "id": "arab-pre-revolt-row", "name": "", "members": [ "arabclub", "youngarabs" ], "alignRow": true, "unifyLayout": true, "displayBand": false, "priority": 25, "rankAfter": [ "abbasidblack", "umayyadwhite", "fatimidgreen", "hashemitered" ] }, { "id": "somaliland-precursors", "name": "", "members": [ "snm", "somaliland-old" ], "alignRow": true, "unifyLayout": true, "displayBand": false, "rankAfter": [ "arabrevolt" ], "priority": 25 }, { "id": "african-national-stars", "name": "Unity & revolution", "members": [ "cm", "sn", "bf" ], "alignRow": true, "unifyLayout": true, "priority": 22, "showLabel": true, "description": "Cameroon’s star represents national unity; Senegal’s unity and hope; Burkina Faso’s the guidance of the revolution.", "sources": [ "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/cm.html", "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/sn.html", "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/bf.html" ] }, { "id": "australia-png-symbol", "name": "Southern Cross", "members": [ "au", "pg" ], "alignRow": true, "unifyLayout": true, "priority": 35, "showLabel": false, "description": "Both flags use the Southern Cross. Papua New Guinea’s constellation expresses links with Australia and the South Pacific.", "sources": [ "https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/pg.html" ] } ], "layoutRevision": 9 }